Chapter 18, Problem 20RQ

Are induced dipoles permanent?

To determine

Whether induced dipoles are permanent or not?

Answer to Problem 20RQ

No, induced dipoles are temporary.

Explanation of Solution

The atoms of the same elements or the atoms of elements having very less electronegativity difference tend to share the electrons mutually for the covalent bond formation. The mutual sharing of negative species that is electrons between the atoms of a slight electronegativity difference creates a dipole and generates a polar molecule. The dipole is a charge separation of a covalent molecule.

A polar molecule is formed where the atoms with slightly higher electronegativity tend to attract electrons more towards it and gain a partial negative charge while the other element presents with slightly lesser electronegativity gains a partial positive charge. A non-polar molecule is formed when the equal and proportional distribution of negative species electrons is present between the atoms of a covalent molecule.

When a non-polar molecule comes in contact with a polar molecule, the polar molecule tends to induce the polarity on to the non-polar molecule. This results in temporary uneven distribution of electrons in a non-polar molecule and shows the phenomenon of induced dipole interaction.

Conclusion:

Therefore, induced dipoles are not permanent they are temporary attraction between a polar and a non-polar molecule.