University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321973610
Author: Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 18.20DQ
The temperature of an ideal monatomic gas is increased from 25°C to 50°C. Does the average translational kinetic energy of each gas atom double? Explain. If your answer is no, what would the final temperature be if the average translational kinetic energy was doubled?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A container of nitrogen molecules is at a temperature of 37.0°C.
What is the mass of a nitrogen molecule in atomic mass units? [Note: nitrogen is a
diatomic gas.]
а.
b. What is the mass of a nitrogen molecule in kilograms?
C.
What is the average translational kinetic energy of the nitrogen molecules?
d. What is the rms speed of the nitrogen molecules?
е.
What is the average rotational energy of a nitrogen molecule?
Helium atoms have a mass of 4u and oxygen molecules have a mass of 32u, where u is defined as an atomic mass unit (u=1.660540×10−27 kg). Compare a gas of helium atoms to a gas of oxygen molecules.
Part A: At what gas temperature TE would the average translational kinetic energy of a helium atom be equal to that of an oxygen molecule in a gas of temperature 300 K?
Part B: At what gas temperature Trms would the root-mean-square (rms) speed of a helium atom be equal to that of an oxygen molecule in a gas at 300 K?
Let n be the number of moles, R be the ideal gas constant, T be the absolute
temperature, P be the absolute pressure and V be the volume. Which of the
following statements is true for ideal gases?
A. Tx for constant n, p and V
1
C. T x - for constant n and V
R
1
B. Tx - for constant p and V
D. Tx
V
for constant p and n
Chapter 18 Solutions
University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
Ch. 18.1 - Rank the following ideal gases in order from...Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.2TYUCh. 18.3 - Rank the following gases in order from (a) highest...Ch. 18.4 - A cylinder with a fixed volume contains hydrogen...Ch. 18.5 - A quantity of gas containing N molecules has a...Ch. 18.6 - The average atmospheric pressure on Mars is 6.0 ...Ch. 18 - Section 18.1 states that ordinarily, pressure,...Ch. 18 - In the ideal-gas equation, could an equivalent...Ch. 18 - When a car is driven some distance, the air...Ch. 18 - The coolant in an automobile radiator is kept at a...
Ch. 18 - Unwrapped food placed in a freezer experiences...Ch. 18 - A group of students drove from their university...Ch. 18 - The derivation of the ideal-gas equation included...Ch. 18 - A rigid, perfectly insulated container has a...Ch. 18 - (a) Which has more atoms: a kilogram of hydrogen...Ch. 18 - Use the concepts of the kinetic-molecular model to...Ch. 18 - The proportions of various gases in the earths...Ch. 18 - Comment on the following statement: When two gases...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.13DQCh. 18 - The temperature of an ideal gas is directly...Ch. 18 - If the pressure of an ideal monatomic gas is...Ch. 18 - In deriving the ideal-gas equation from the...Ch. 18 - Imagine a special air filter placed in a window of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.18DQCh. 18 - Consider two specimens of ideal gas at the same...Ch. 18 - The temperature of an ideal monatomic gas is...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.21DQCh. 18 - (a) If you apply the same amount of heat to 1.00...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.23DQCh. 18 - In a gas that contains N molecules, is it accurate...Ch. 18 - The atmosphere of the planet Mars is 95.3% carbon...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.26DQCh. 18 - Ice is slippery to walk on, and especially...Ch. 18 - Hydrothermal vents are openings in the ocean floor...Ch. 18 - The dark areas on the moons surface are called...Ch. 18 - In addition to the normal cooking directions...Ch. 18 - A 20.0-L tank contains 4.86 104 kg of helium at...Ch. 18 - Helium gas with a volume of 3.20 L, under a...Ch. 18 - A cylindrical tank has a tight-fitting piston that...Ch. 18 - A 3.00-L lank contains air at 3.00 atm and 20.0C....Ch. 18 - Planetary Atmospheres. (a) Calculate the density...Ch. 18 - You have several identical balloons. You...Ch. 18 - A Jaguar XK8 convertible has an eight-cylinder...Ch. 18 - A welder using a tank of volume 0.0750 m3 fills it...Ch. 18 - A large cylindrical tank contains 0.750 m3 of...Ch. 18 - An empty cylindrical canister 1.50 m long and 90.0...Ch. 18 - The gas inside a balloon will always have a...Ch. 18 - An ideal gas has a density of 1.33 106 g/cm3 at...Ch. 18 - If a certain amount of ideal gas occupies a volume...Ch. 18 - A diver observes a bubble of air rising from the...Ch. 18 - A metal tank with volume 3.10 L will burst if the...Ch. 18 - Three moles of an ideal gas are in a rigid cubical...Ch. 18 - With the assumptions of Example 18.4 (Section...Ch. 18 - With the assumption that the air temperature is a...Ch. 18 - (a) Calculate the mass of nitrogen present in a...Ch. 18 - At an altitude of 11,000 m (a typical cruising...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.21ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.22ECh. 18 - Modern vacuum pumps make it easy to attain...Ch. 18 - The Lagoon Nebula (Fig. E18.24) is a cloud of...Ch. 18 - In a gas at standard conditions, what is the...Ch. 18 - How Close Together Are Gas Molecules? Consider an...Ch. 18 - (a) What is the total translational kinetic energy...Ch. 18 - A flask contains a mixture of neon (Ne), krypton...Ch. 18 - We have two equal-size boxes, A and B. Each box...Ch. 18 - A container with volume 1.64 L is initially...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.31ECh. 18 - Martian Climate. The atmosphere of Mars is mostly...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.33ECh. 18 - Calculate the mean free path of air molecules at...Ch. 18 - At what temperature is the root-mean-square speed...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.36ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.37ECh. 18 - Perfectly rigid containers each hold n moles of...Ch. 18 - (a) Compute the specific heat at constant volume...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.40ECh. 18 - Prob. 18.41ECh. 18 - For a gas of nitrogen molecules (N2), what must...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.43ECh. 18 - Meteorology. The vapor pressure is the pressure of...Ch. 18 - Calculate the volume of 1.00 mol of liquid water...Ch. 18 - A physics lecture room at 1.00 atm and 27.0C has a...Ch. 18 - CP BIO The Effect of Altitude on the Lungs. (a)...Ch. 18 - CP BIO The Bends. If deep-sea divers rise to the...Ch. 18 - CP A hot-air balloon stays aloft because hot air...Ch. 18 - In an evacuated enclosure, a vertical cylindrical...Ch. 18 - A cylinder 1.00 m tall with inside diameter 0.120...Ch. 18 - CP During a test dive in 1939, prior to being...Ch. 18 - Atmosphere or Titan. Titan, the largest satellite...Ch. 18 - Pressure on Venus. At the surface of Venus the...Ch. 18 - An automobile tire has a volume of 0.0150 m3 on a...Ch. 18 - A flask with a volume of 1.50 L, provided with a...Ch. 18 - CP A balloon of volume 750 m3 is to be filled with...Ch. 18 - A vertical cylindrical tank contains 1.80 mol of...Ch. 18 - CP A large tank of water has a hose connected to...Ch. 18 - CP A light, plastic sphere with mass m = 9.00 g...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.61PCh. 18 - BIO A person at rest inhales 0.50 L of air with...Ch. 18 - You have two identical containers, one containing...Ch. 18 - The size of an oxygen molecule is about 2.0 1010...Ch. 18 - A sealed box contains a monatomic ideal gas. The...Ch. 18 - Helium gas is in a cylinder that has rigid walls....Ch. 18 - You blow up a spherical balloon to a diameter of...Ch. 18 - CP (a) Compute the increase in gravitational...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.69PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.70PCh. 18 - It is possible to make crystalline solids that are...Ch. 18 - Hydrogen on the Sun. The surface of the sun has a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.73PCh. 18 - Planetary Atmospheres. (a) The temperature near...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.75PCh. 18 - Prob. 18.76PCh. 18 - CALC (a) Explain why in a gas of N molecules, the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.78PCh. 18 - CP Oscillations of a Piston. A vertical cylinder...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.80PCh. 18 - DATA The Dew Point and Clouds. The vapor pressure...Ch. 18 - DATA The statistical quantities average value and...Ch. 18 - CP Dark Nebulae and the Interstellar Medium. The...Ch. 18 - CALC Earths Atmosphere. In t he troposphere, the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.85PPCh. 18 - Estimate the ratio of the thermal conductivity of...Ch. 18 - The rate of effusionthat is, leakage of a gas...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
Name the components (including muscles) of the thoracic cage. List the contents of the thorax.
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Some organizations are starting to envision a sustainable societyone in which each generation inherits sufficie...
Campbell Essential Biology (7th Edition)
Identify each of the following characteristics as belonging to cervical, thoracic, or lumbar vertebrae; the sac...
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Choose the best answer to each of the following. Explain your reasoning. What is the current temperature of the...
Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals
Q1. What is the empirical formula of a compound with the molecular formula
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (4th Edition)
25. The 100 kg block in FIGURE EX7.25 takes 6.0 s to reach the floor after being released from rest. What is th...
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In the text, it was shown that N/V=2.681025m3 for gas at STP. (a) Show that this quantity is equivalent to N/V=2.681019cm3, as stated. (b) About how many atoms are mere in one m3 (a cubic micrometer) at STP? (c) What does your answer to part (b) imply about the separation of Mama and molecules?arrow_forwardA sealed cubical container 20.0 cm on a side contains a gas with three times Avogadros number of neon atoms at a temperature of 20.0C. (a) Find the internal energy of the gas. (b) Find the total translational kinetic energy of the gas. (c) Calculate the average kinetic energy per atom, (d) Use Equation 10.13 to calculate the gas pressure. (e) Calculate the gas pressure using the ideal gas law (Eq. 10.8).arrow_forward(a) An ideal gas occupies a volume of 1.0 cm3 at 20.C and atmospheric pressure. Determine the number of molecules of gas in the container, (b) If the pressure of the 1.0-cm3 volume is reduced to 1.0 1011 Pa (an extremely good vacuum) while the temperature remains constant, how many moles of gas remain in the container?arrow_forward
- An ideal gas is trapped inside a tube of uniform cross-sectional area sealed at one end as shown in Figure P19.49. A column of mercury separates the gas from the outside. The tube can be turned in a vertical plane. In Figure P19.49A, the column of air in the tube has length L1, whereas in Figure P19.49B, the column of air has length L2. Find an expression (in terms of the parameters given) for the length L3 of the column of air in Figure P19.49C, when the tube is inclined at an angle with respect to the vertical. FIGURE P19.49arrow_forwardConsider a gas filling two connected chambers that are separated by a removable barrier (Fig. P20.68). The gas molecules on the left (red) are initially at a higher temperature than the ones on the right (blue). When the barrier between the two chambers is removed, the molecules begin to mix and move from one chamber to the other. a. Describe what happens to the temperature in the left chamber and in the right chamber as time goes on, once the barrier is open. Discuss in terms of the mixing of the molecules from each gas. b. Describe what happens to the most probable speed and average speed in the left chamber and in the right chamber as time goes on, once the barrier is open. Do they increase or decrease by the same factor? Explain. FIGURE P20.68 Problems 68 and 69.arrow_forwardCylinder A contains oxygen (O2) gas, and cylinder B contains nitrogen (N2) gas. If the molecules in the two cylinders have the same rms speeds, which of the following statements is false? (a) The two gases haw different temperatures. (b) The temperature of cylinder B is less than the temperature of cylinder A. (c) The temperature of cylinder B is greater than the temperature of cylinder A. (d) The average kinetic energy of the nitrogen molecules is less than the average kinetic energy of the oxygen molecules.arrow_forward
- How many moles are there in (a) 0.0500 g of N2 gas (M = 28.0 g/mol)? (b) 10.0 g of CO2 gas (M = 44.0 g/mol)? (c) How many molecules are present in each case?arrow_forwardAn ideal gas is contained in a vessel at 300 K. The temperature of the gas is then increased to 900 K. (i) By what factor does the average kinetic energy of the molecules change, (a) a factor of 9, (b) a factor of 3, (c) a factor of 3, (d) a factor of 1, or (e) a factor of 13? Using the same choices as in part (i), by what factor does each of the following change: (ii) the rms molecular speed of the molecules, (iii) the average momentum change that one molecule undergoes in a collision with one particular wall, (iv) the rate of collisions of molecules with walls, and (v) the pressure of the gas?arrow_forwardCase Study When a constant-volume thermometer is in thermal contact with a substance whose temperature is lower than the triple point of water, how does the right tube in Figure 19.22 need to be moved? Explain. FIGURE 19.22 1 Gas in the constant-volume gas thermometer is at Ti, and the mercury in the manometer is at height hi above the gasmercury boundary. 2 The thermometer is placed in thermal contact with an object, and its temperature increases. The increased temperature increases the gas volume. 3 By raising the right-hand tube of the mercury manometer, the gas volume is restored to its original size. The mercury is now at hi + h above the gasmercury boundary. This increase in height is a result of the increase in gas temperature and pressure.arrow_forward
- (a) What is me gauge pressure in a 25.0C car tire containing 3.60 mol of gas in a 30.0 L volume? (b) What will its gauge pressure be if you add 1.00 L of gas originally at atmospheric pressure and 25.0C ? Assume the temperature returns to 25.0C and me volume remains constant.arrow_forward(a) In the deep space between galaxies, me density of atoms is as low as 106atoms/m3, and me temperature is a frigid 2.7 K. What is me pressure? (b) What volume (in m3) is occupied by 1 mol of gas? (c) If this volume is a cube, what is the length of its sides in kilometers?arrow_forwardOn a hot summer day, the density of air at atmospheric pressure at 35.0C is 1.1455 kg/m3. a. What is the number of moles contained in 1.00 m3 of an ideal gas at this temperature and pressure? b. Avogadros number of air molecules has a mass of 2.85 102 kg. What is the mass of 1.00 m3 of air? c. Does the value calculated in part (b) agree with the stated density of air at this temperature?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781285737027Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781285737027
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY