Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Chapter 18, Problem 14RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
Definition of the following terminologies:
Cohesin
Transcription factory
P bodies
CTCF
ENCODE
Introduction:
There are cellular pathways that help to transfer genetic information and encode it to the protein. These pathways are significantly ordered and regulated. Transcription is a process where deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) transcribes into mRNA (messenger ribonucleic acid). There are various DNA and protein elements that regulate this process.
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. ___________________________ factors are proteins thatregulate or initiate RNA synthesis by binding directly orindirectly to specific DNA sequences called responseelements.
The eukaryotic mRNA is protected from degradation by a 3′ _____________.
The genome’s functional gene products are either _____________ or _____________.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
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- QUESTION 8 Consider the pathway for the synthesis of the amino acid arginine in Neurospora: ARG-E → citrulline ARG-F ARG-H ornithine argininosuccinate arginine Mutant strains of Neurospora may carry one or more mutations. Neurospora mutant strain b is grown on minimal media plus supplements as shown. Growth is shown by (+) and no growth is shown by (o). Supplements ornithine mutant nothing citrulline arginino- succinate arginine strain What can you conclude from these data? O Strain a has only one mutation and it is in ARG-E. O Strain b has only one mutation and it is in ARG-H. O Strain a has a mutation in ARG-F and strain b has a mutation in ARG-E. O Strain b has mutations in ARG-E, ARG-F, and ARG-H. + +arrow_forwardQUESTION NO. 1 Patients with the rare genetic disease xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) are very sensitive to light and are highly susceptible to skin cancers. The study of such patients has enhanced our knowledge of DNA repair because XP is caused by defective DNA repair nucleotide excision repair. (A variant, XP-V, is deficient in postreplication repair.) In nucleotide excision repair A. removal of the damaged bases occurs on only one strand of the DNA. B. only thymine dimers generated by UV light can be removed . C. the excision nuclease is an exonuclease. D. a single multifunctional enzyme carries out the repair process. E. only the damaged nucleotides are removed. QUESTION NO.2 Homologous recombination: A. occurs only between two segments from the same DNA molecule. B. requires that a specific DNA sequence be present. C. requires one of the duplexes undergoing recombination be nicked in both strands. D. involves a…arrow_forwardA base change that has no discernible effect is called a____________________ mutation.arrow_forward
- Suppose the codon sequence GUGCAAUUCGAGGCC has a single base pair mutation to GUGCAAUUCAAGGCC. If the old protein sequence was Val-Gln-Phe-Glu-Ala, what will be the new sequence encoded by the mutant gene? ____________________________.arrow_forwardQuestion 2: Part a: Complete the table describing different components of intron removal from mRNA. Nu:, X and Y refer to B-type chemistry shown on the previous page. (YELLOW table shown) Part b: Complete the table describing different components of group I self-splicing intron removal from 26S rRNA in Tetrahymena. (BLUE table shown) Part c: Draw the intron with an all atom structure for Branchpoint A after intron removal from mRNA Part d: Draw the Group I self-splicing intron with an all atom structure for the Guanosine cofactor after intron removal from 26S rRNA in Tetrahymena.arrow_forwardSequence changes in DNA are called ______________.arrow_forward
- Question 45 When TRNAS and rRNAs have bases that H-bonds with other bases far apart from each other, the RNA molecules assume its secondary and tertiary structure. A) True B) Falsearrow_forwardEnzymes isolated from bacteria that cut DNA at specificsequences are called ____________________.arrow_forward_____________ are the linear sequences of nucleotides in an organism’s genetic information.arrow_forward
- If Adenine was added where Guanine should have been added, this would be an example of a ___________________ mutation.arrow_forwardQuestion 47 (a) Use the following figure to determine the changes to the amino acids that correspond to the normal and mutated DNA sequences. Normal DNA sequence: 3 CAT TCA AAC ATT 5 Mutated DNA sequence: 3 CAT AGT GAG GTC 5 (Hint: Write the mRNA first, then identify the amino acids.) (b) What type of mutation is shown? First base of codon U C A G U UUU UUC UUA UUG CUU CUC CUA CUG AUU AUC AUA AUG GUU GUC GUA GUG UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA Met ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Phe -Leu Leu lle Second base of codon A C Val -Ser Pro Thr Ala UAUTYT туг UAC UAA UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG. His Gin AAU AAC Asn AAA GAUT GAC GAA GAG Asp G AAGLYS AGG. GGU GGC GGA GGG Glu UGU UGC UGA UGG CGU CGC CGA CGG Bys A Trp G U C -Arg AGU AGC AGA аса за Ser Arg U C Gly AG A U C A G U C A G Third base of codonarrow_forwardA _____________________ is a multienzyme complex thatsynthesizes RNA primers during E. coli DNA replication.arrow_forward
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