Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696558
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 17.14, Problem 47SEP
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Explain why a prolonged weightless environment leads to bone loss.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering
Ch. 17.14 - Explain the difference between a biomaterial and...Ch. 17.14 - Explain why bone may be classified as a composite...Ch. 17.14 - Prob. 3KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 4KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 5KCPCh. 17.14 - What is stress shielding? How can it be avoided?Ch. 17.14 - Prob. 7KCPCh. 17.14 - What properties of biopolymers make them suitable...Ch. 17.14 - Prob. 9KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 10KCP
Ch. 17.14 - Prob. 11KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 12KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 13KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 14KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 15KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 16KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 17KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 18KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 19KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 20KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 21KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 22KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 23KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 24KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 25KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 26KCPCh. 17.14 - What is tissue engineering? What is the principle...Ch. 17.14 - Prob. 28KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 29KCPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 30AAPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 32AAPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 33AAPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 34AAPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 39SEPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 40SEPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 41SEPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 42SEPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 43SEPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 44SEPCh. 17.14 - A bone has fractured along an inclined plane as...Ch. 17.14 - Prob. 46SEPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 47SEPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 48SEPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 49SEPCh. 17.14 - What role does the water content play in the...Ch. 17.14 - Prob. 51SEPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 52SEPCh. 17.14 - When you wake up in the morning, you are taller...Ch. 17.14 - Prob. 54SEPCh. 17.14 - Prob. 55SEP
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- Hint During a wrestling match, a 151.0 kg wrestler briefly stands on one hand during a maneuver designed to perplex his already moribund adversary. By how much does the upper arm bone shorten in length? The bone can be represented by a uniform rod 37.1 cm in length and 2.2 cm in radius. AL= mmarrow_forwardWhat is the difference between physical and mechanical properties? list three examples for each one.arrow_forwardQ17. A force compresses a bone by 0.20 mm. The same force compresses a second bone of twice the length but the same cross-sectional area. The second bone compresses by A. 0.40 mm B. 0.10 mm C. 0.20 mm D. 0.05 mm E. 0.80 mm F. None of the abovearrow_forward
- Changes in cortical bone density and bone geometry occur with aging in both men and women (Table 1 from Russo 2003). These changes manifest as decreased bone strength, which has the clinical impact of increasing the risk of fracture with increasing age. However, elderly men are much less prone to fracture than elderly women. It has been suggested that age-related bone loss is the consequence of endosteal bone resorption resulting in changes in bone geometry (~2mm less cortical bone thickness in women as they age) and contributing to relative differences in fracture risk between men and women. Cortical bone area decreases in women between the ages of 20 and 85, whereas there is no significant change in cortical bone area for men over the same age range (Table 1). Table 1: Changes in bone density and cortical bone area - from Italian population of 612 men and 693 women Age group (years) ANOVA 20-39 Total bone density 4% (mg/cm³) Men Women Cortical bone area 38% (mm²) Men 318.9±47.9 Women…arrow_forwardChanges in cortical bone density and bone geometry occur with aging in both men and women (Table 1 from Russo 2003). These changes manifest as decreased bone strength, which has the clinical impact of increasing the risk of fracture with increasing age. However, elderly men are much less prone to fracture than elderly women. It has been suggested that age-related bone loss is the consequence of endosteal bone resorption resulting in changes in bone geometry (~2mm less cortical bone thickness in women as they age) and contributing to relative differences in fracture risk between men and women. Cortical bone area decreases in women between the ages of 20 and 85, whereas there is no significant change in cortical bone area for men over the same age range (Table 1). Table 1: Changes in bone density and cortical bone area - from Italian population of 612 men and 693 women Age group (years) ANOVA 20-39 Total bone density 4% (mg/cm³) Men 342.344.9 Women 307.134.8 Cortical bone area 38% (mm²)…arrow_forward29 Assume that Young's modulus is 1.50 x 1010 N/m2 for bone and that the bone will fracture if stress greater than 1.50 x 108 N/m2 is imposed on it. If this much force is applied comprehensively, by how much (in mm), does the 25.0-cm-long bone shortenarrow_forward
- Explain the principle of stress and follow that up with a diagram and a derivation. Give examples of questions that support the stress hypothesis.arrow_forward9. A compressive force of 15-N is applied to a flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (CAS# 9002-86-2) wire that is 5-m long and has a diameter of 3.6-mm. If the wire contracts by 0.5-mm, calculate the compressive modulusarrow_forwardA current problem in the U.S. Air Force is the neck/shoulder fatigue experienced by pilots. To be able to fly missions at night, the pilots wear night vision goggles, which are attached to the front of the helmet. Unfortunately, these are heavy, causing a large downward torque of the head, which must be counteracted by the neck muscles, which then fatigue. To alleviate this problem, many pilots have started attaching random lead weights to the back of the helmet. Find the appropriate weight that would best balance the head and minimize neck fatigue – You must show your free body diagram. Assumptions: a) center of gravity of goggles is 20 cm in front of neck pivot point, b) load of goggles1.0 kg mass, c) center of gravity of lead weight is 10 cm behind neck pivot point, d) load of bare helmet 3 kg mass, e) center of gravity of helmet is 2 cm in front of neck pivot, f) load of head 4.0 kg mass, and g) center of gravity of head is right at neck pivot point. Answer: ___________________arrow_forward
- a) During sliding of a cylindrical steel pin against a steel disc in a pin-on-disc test in air, the coefficient of friction is initially around 0.7, but then falls to 0.5 as the test proceeds. At the end of the test, the wear track on the disc is rough and black in colour, with a black powder on the disc surface outside the wear track; chemical analysis of the wear track shows a high oxygen level. (b) A test identical to that described in part (a) is conducted, but this time the test is conducted in vacuum. The coefficient of friction remains high through the test, the wear volumes are much greater, and the track on the disc surface following the test is very rough and silvery in colour. (c) A test identical to that described in part (a) is conducted, but this time the test is conducted in air at 300 ◦C. At the end of the test, the wear track on the disc is very smooth (shiny) and black in colour, with no debris on the disc surface outside the weartrack; chemical analysis of the wear…arrow_forwardIn table 1, a comparison between different frequencies on bone is made. Which is better, a higher or lower frequency? Why?arrow_forwardExplain the importance of Mechanics of Materials in daily life and Mechanical Engineering.arrow_forward
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