Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 17, Problem 34RQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The lung volume of the subject before the person blew out all the possible air from the lungs.
Introduction: The simple formula
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you can create a bar graph or a line graph to represent the respiratory volumes and capacities measured using a wet spirometer. The x-axis can represent the different volumes and capacities measured, and the y-axis can represent the values in liters. You can use different colors or patterns to represent the different measurements taken for each individual
Spirometry and lung volumes may be two PFTs that you have heard of. They help to diagnose obstructive or restrictive lung disease, monitor disease progression, and check whether treatments are effective.
Understanding the different volumes and capacities associated with lung function will help you to better understand PFTs, respiratory disease and treatment for your patients.
Lung volumes include tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), and residual volume (RV).
The various lung capacities include inspiratory capacity (IC), vital capacity (VC), functional residual capacity (FRC), and total lung capacity (TLC).
choose 3 different lung volumes or lung capacities to explain in your own words.
research a chronic lung disease (such as asthma, COPD, emphysema, fibrosis, etc) and explain how it affects specific lung volumes and/or capacities.
The figure below shows a plot of Transorgan pressures vs. volume for the chest wail, lung and the respiratory system as a whole (graph on left.
Picture A of the model lung on the right corresponds to which number (point) in the graph on the left?
Che
Ahw
Lung
Volume
TLC
Che
20
FRC
Ch
RV
MV
-30
-20 -10
10
20 30 40 50
TransOrgan Static Pressure (cm H,O)
Ah
10
Chapter 17 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 17.1 - What is the difference between cellular...Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 17.1 - Name the components (including muscles) of the...Ch. 17.1 - Which air passages of the respiratory system are...Ch. 17.1 - Cigarette smoking paralyzes cilia in the airways...Ch. 17.1 - Is blood flow through the pulmonary trunk greater...Ch. 17.1 - A person has left ventricular failure but normal...Ch. 17.1 - Calculate the mean pressure in a person whose...Ch. 17.2 - If nitrogen is 78% of atmospheric air, what is the...Ch. 17.2 - The partial pressure of water vapor in inspired...
Ch. 17.3 - How are lung volumes related to lung capacities?Ch. 17.3 - Which lung volume cannot be measured directly?Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 13CCCh. 17.3 - As inhaled air becomes humidified passing down the...Ch. 17.3 - Compare the direction of air movement during one...Ch. 17.3 - Explain the relationship between the lungs, the...Ch. 17.3 - Scarlett OHara is trying to squeeze herself into a...Ch. 17.3 - Why would loss of the ability to cough increase...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 19CCCh. 17.3 - A stabbing victim is brought to the emergency room...Ch. 17.3 - In a normal person, which contributes more to the...Ch. 17.3 - Coal miners who spend years inhaling fine coal...Ch. 17.3 - How does the work required for breathing change...Ch. 17.3 - A cancerous lung tumor has grown into the walls of...Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 25CCCh. 17.3 - Prob. 26CCCh. 17.3 - Restrictive lung diseases decrease lung...Ch. 17.3 - Chronic obstructive lung disease causes patients...Ch. 17 - List four functions of the respiratory system.Ch. 17 - Give two definitions for the word respiration.Ch. 17 - Which sets of muscles are used for normal quiet...Ch. 17 - Give two functions of pleural fluid.Ch. 17 - Name the anatomical structures that an oxygen...Ch. 17 - Diagram the structure of an alveolus, and state...Ch. 17 - Trace the path of the pulmonary circulation. About...Ch. 17 - What happens to inspired air as it is conditioned...Ch. 17 - During inspiration, most of the thoracic volume...Ch. 17 - Prob. 10RQCh. 17 - Refer to the spirogram in the following figure: a....Ch. 17 - Of the three factors that contribute to the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 13RQCh. 17 - What is the function of surfactants in general? In...Ch. 17 - Prob. 15RQCh. 17 - Prob. 16RQCh. 17 - Prob. 17RQCh. 17 - Compile the following terms into a map of...Ch. 17 - Decide whether each of the following parameters...Ch. 17 - Prob. 20RQCh. 17 - The cartoon coyote is blowing up a balloon in...Ch. 17 - Match the descriptions to the appropriate phase(s)...Ch. 17 - Draw and label a graph showing the PO2 of air in...Ch. 17 - Prob. 24RQCh. 17 - Prob. 25RQCh. 17 - A student breathes at a rate of 20 breaths/min,...Ch. 17 - Prob. 27RQCh. 17 - Prob. 28RQCh. 17 - Assume a normal female has a resting tidal volume...Ch. 17 - Prob. 30RQCh. 17 - Prob. 31RQCh. 17 - Prob. 32RQCh. 17 - Prob. 33RQCh. 17 - Prob. 34RQCh. 17 - Prob. 35RQCh. 17 - Prob. 36RQ
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A partial pressure gradient of oxygen exists between ________. a. air and lungs b. lungs and metabolically active tissues c. air at sea level and air at high altitudes d. all of the abovearrow_forwardGas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure. low; high low; low high; high high; lowarrow_forwardOf the following, which does not explain why the partial pressure of oxygen is lower in the lung than in the external air? Air in the lung is humidified; therefore, water vapor pressure alters the pressure Carbon dioxide mixes with oxygen Oxygen is moved into the blood and is headed to the tissues Lungs exert a pressure on the air to reduce the oxygen pressure.arrow_forward
- The average compliance of the lungs and chest wall combined is 0.1 L/cm H2O. 0.2 L/cm H2O 0.3 L/cm H2O 0.4 L/cm H2Oarrow_forwardBreathing _______. a. ventilates the lungs b. draws air into airways c. expels air from airways d. causes reversals in pressure gradients e. all of the abovearrow_forwardCalculate the PO2 of air that is made up of 21% oxygen. We are at sea level where atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg. Round off your answer to nearest whole number. 21 mm Hg 140 mm Hg 160 mm Hg 760 mm Hg none of the abovearrow_forward
- Use the following scenario for the next question: After a normal inspiration, Mary’s normal expiration was 400 mls. Following a normal expiration, she was able to expel an additional 800 mls. Taking as deep a breath as possible and forcefully exhaling all air possible yielded an output of 2.4 L. (Note: 1L = 1000ml) A. What is Mary’s TV? Explain how you arrived at your answer. Be sure to include units (use either liters, milliliters or cubic centimeters). B. What is Mary’s expiratory reserve volume? Explain how you arrived at your answer. Be sure to include units. C. What is Mary’s inspiratory reserve volume? Explain how you arrived at your answer. Be sure to include units.arrow_forwardMechanical ventilation is indicated when the patient's spontaneous ventilation is inadequate to sustain life by hooking the patient into a mechanical ventilator. It provides breathing support until lung function is restored, delivering warm (body temperature 37° C [98.6° F]), 100% humidified oxygen at FiO2 levels between 21% to 100%. 1. Discuss the process how does positive-pressure ventilator deliver air to the lungs? List 3 risks or complications of patient who is hooked in mechanical ventilator and discuss how it is even possible.arrow_forwardA student undertakes a project to determine the effect of carbon dioxide on respiration rate using the following methodology. A volunteer inhaled air from a bag containing a predetermined amount of carbon dioxide (with partial pressure in torr) and the number of breaths per minute was recorded. Her data are given below: Partial pressure CO2 (torr) Respiration rate (breaths/minute) 30 8.1 32 8.0 34 9.9 36 11.2 38 11.0 40 13.2 42 14.6 44 16.6 46 16.7 48 18.3 50 18.2 Choose the best statistical test for this study. a. Correlation b. Simple Linear Regression c. Non-Linear Regression d. General Linear Model Regressionarrow_forward
- A subject has a VO2 (at STPD) of 0.2 litres/min. Assuming expired air contains 16.5% O2, and room air contains 21% O2, calculate the minute ventilation for this subject in litres/min. Your final answer should be to one decimal placearrow_forwardDo the averages and a grapharrow_forwardFigure 6 shows the binding of oxygen to myoglobin and haemoglobin (Y-axis: Fraction saturation) when they are exposed to various partial pressures of oxygen (X-axis: pO2). 0.9 0.8 Myoglobin 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 Hemoglobin 0.3 0.2 0.1 2 10 12 Po, (kPa) Figure 6 (i) Briefly compare the protein structure of myoglobin to that of haemoglobin. (ii) Based on Figure 6, explain the differences between the functions performed by myoglobin and haemoglobin. Fraction saturationarrow_forward
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