Physical Universe
16th Edition
ISBN: 9780077862619
Author: KRAUSKOPF, Konrad B. (konrad Bates), Beiser, Arthur
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Chapter 17, Problem 33MC
To determine
The interval between the collision of an asteroid that is 2 km or more across with the Earth that results in catastrophe on the global scale.
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Chondrites are meteorites that have
a.
never been heated.
b.
been heated sufficiently to release volatiles they contained.
c.
been heated sufficiently to melt the chondrules.
d.
been completely melted.
e.
entered Earth’s atmosphere but will be destroyed before reaching the ground.
6.
N.
TEBOOK
1. Draw and label a picture of the asteroid belt that shows how far the asteroid belt is from the sun
in AUs. Include the sun and Earth in your picture.
5) What is the ratio of the number of asteroid impacts on the moon to the number of impacts
on Earth? Assume the asteroids are originally traveling 15 km/s and use the following data.
Mass: 5.97x1024 kg Earth, 7.3x1022 kg moon
Radius: 6372 km Earth, 1738 km moon
Note we count the number of craters on the moon to infer the number of impacts on Earth
because many Earth craters have been hidden by erosion.
Chapter 17 Solutions
Physical Universe
Ch. 17 - Comets a. follow orbits around the earth b. follow...Ch. 17 - Comets consist of a. leftover matter from the...Ch. 17 - Prob. 3MCCh. 17 - Meteor showers occur a. at the same times each...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5MCCh. 17 - Prob. 6MCCh. 17 - Prob. 7MCCh. 17 - Prob. 8MCCh. 17 - The planet nearest the sun is a. Mercury b. Venus...Ch. 17 - Prob. 10MC
Ch. 17 - Prob. 11MCCh. 17 - Prob. 12MCCh. 17 - Prob. 13MCCh. 17 - Prob. 14MCCh. 17 - Prob. 15MCCh. 17 - Prob. 16MCCh. 17 - An astronaut would weigh least on the surface of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 18MCCh. 17 - Prob. 19MCCh. 17 - Prob. 20MCCh. 17 - Prob. 21MCCh. 17 - Prob. 22MCCh. 17 - Prob. 23MCCh. 17 - Prob. 24MCCh. 17 - Prob. 25MCCh. 17 - Prob. 26MCCh. 17 - Prob. 27MCCh. 17 - Prob. 28MCCh. 17 - Prob. 29MCCh. 17 - Prob. 30MCCh. 17 - Prob. 31MCCh. 17 - Prob. 32MCCh. 17 - Prob. 33MCCh. 17 - Prob. 34MCCh. 17 - Prob. 35MCCh. 17 - Prob. 36MCCh. 17 - Prob. 37MCCh. 17 - Prob. 38MCCh. 17 - Prob. 39MCCh. 17 - Prob. 40MCCh. 17 - Prob. 41MCCh. 17 - Prob. 42MCCh. 17 - Prob. 43MCCh. 17 - Prob. 44MCCh. 17 - Prob. 45MCCh. 17 - Prob. 46MCCh. 17 - Prob. 47MCCh. 17 - Prob. 48MCCh. 17 - Prob. 1ECh. 17 - Prob. 2ECh. 17 - Which is the largest planet? The smallest? Which...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4ECh. 17 - Which planets, if any, have no satellites?Ch. 17 - Is the mass of the solar system concentrated in...Ch. 17 - On which planets would a person weigh less than on...Ch. 17 - Prob. 8ECh. 17 - Prob. 9ECh. 17 - Why do comets have tails only in the vicinity of...Ch. 17 - Prob. 11ECh. 17 - The Perseid meteor shower appears early every...Ch. 17 - Prob. 13ECh. 17 - Prob. 14ECh. 17 - Prob. 15ECh. 17 - Prob. 16ECh. 17 - Why is it very unlikely that there is life on...Ch. 17 - Prob. 18ECh. 17 - Prob. 19ECh. 17 - Venus is the brightest planet in the sky. How does...Ch. 17 - Prob. 21ECh. 17 - Prob. 22ECh. 17 - Prob. 23ECh. 17 - Give two reasons why the surface of Venus is so...Ch. 17 - Give three reasons why Venus is a brighter object...Ch. 17 - Prob. 26ECh. 17 - Mars has surface features that seem to be the...Ch. 17 - Why do temperatures on the surface of Mars vary...Ch. 17 - Prob. 29ECh. 17 - Prob. 30ECh. 17 - Why is ultraviolet radiation from the sun more of...Ch. 17 - Distinguish between asteroids and meteoroids.Ch. 17 - What is believed to be the origin of the...Ch. 17 - Why are few asteroids spherical, as planets are?Ch. 17 - Prob. 35ECh. 17 - Prob. 36ECh. 17 - Prob. 37ECh. 17 - When did conditions on the earth resemble those on...Ch. 17 - Prob. 39ECh. 17 - What are the chief similarities between Jupiter...Ch. 17 - Why are Saturns rings believed to consist of small...Ch. 17 - Is it likely that Saturns rings are permanent...Ch. 17 - Saturns satellite Titan has an atmosphere. Do any...Ch. 17 - Which planet resembles the earth most in size and...Ch. 17 - Is there any evidence that planets other than the...Ch. 17 - (a) Which planets besides Saturn have rings? (b)...Ch. 17 - What are thought to be the chief constituents of...Ch. 17 - (a) What is the chief distinction between planets...Ch. 17 - How does Pluto compare in size with the moon? With...Ch. 17 - We always see the same hemisphere of the moon....Ch. 17 - What is wrong with the statement that the moon is...Ch. 17 - The moon rises in the east at midnight on a...Ch. 17 - Approximately how much time elapses between new...Ch. 17 - Prob. 54ECh. 17 - Prob. 55ECh. 17 - Relative to the stars, the moon takes 2713 days to...Ch. 17 - Prob. 57ECh. 17 - Eclipses of the sun and of the moon do not occur...Ch. 17 - In what phase must the moon be at the time of a...Ch. 17 - Prob. 60ECh. 17 - Prob. 61ECh. 17 - Moonquakes are weaker and occur much less often...Ch. 17 - Prob. 63ECh. 17 - Prob. 64ECh. 17 - Prob. 65E
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- 2. The destructive "Tunguska Event" of 1908 seems to have been due to an airburst by a modest-sized asteroid a direct impact on land by a large asteroid an ocean impact by a comet a nearby supernova explosion Astronomers have determined that the probability of a significant asteroid impact on Earth during your lifetime is about the same as the probabilty that you'll win the lottery. True Falsearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is correct? a. The formation of planets stopped because the solar nebula got cooler c. The formation of planets stopped because the solar nebula ran out of planetesimals d. The formation of planets stopped because the solar nebula spinning was slowing down e. The formation of planets stopped because the young Sun's strong solar wind swept away material not yet accreted onto the planetsarrow_forward20 Approximately how many other planetary systems have been discovered to date? A Tens of thousands B) Tens C Hundreds D Thousands E Millionsarrow_forward
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- 4) Science fiction movies often portray asteroid belts as crowded, dense regions that require spaceships to maneuver quickly to get through them. In this problem, we will calculate the fraction of volume in an asteroid belt that is actually occupied by asteroids. a) If there are 300,000 large asteroids between 2 and 3 AU from the Sun, and each asteroid is assumed to be spherical with a radius of 100 km, determine the total volume occupied by asteroids in this region. Recall that the volume of a sphere is given by the equation V = 4TR³ /3. b) Let's assume the region in which these asteroids orbit is an annulus with an inner radius of 2 AU, an outer radius of 3 AU, and a thickness of 2Ro. Determine the volume of this region. Recall that the area of a circle is given by the equation A = TR². Here are two conversions that you'll need: 1 AU = 1.496 × 108 km and 1 Ro = 6.955 × 105 km. c) What is the ratio of the volume occupied by asteroids to the volume of the asteroid belt (i.e., the…arrow_forwardThe short-period comets do NOT have randomly oriented orbits because a. they are affected by the sun’s gravity. b. they are affected by the solar wind. c. they formed in the Kuiper belt, a belt-shaped region in the plane of the solar system. d. their orbits are altered by the drag of their tails in the solar wind. e. they all were originally objects ejected from the asteroid belt.arrow_forwardEarth’s metallic core has about 55% of the planet’s radius. What percentage of Eth’s volume is taken up by the core?arrow_forward
- You are a planetary scientist studying the atmosphere of Jupiter through a large telescope when you observe an asteroid approaching the planet. This asteroid is large, so you know it is held together by gravity rather than the cohesive forces that hold a large rock together. If the asteroid gets too close to Jupiter, the massive tidal forces will tear it apart, scattering small particles that will add to the ring system. You have calculated the closest distance the asteroid will come to Jupiter. How do you know if the asteroid will survive? a. A measure of the cohesive gravitational force holding such an asteroid together is the gravitational field on the surface due to the mass of the asteroid. This field is independent of the distance of the asteroid from Jupiter. Calculate the gravitational field at the surface of the asteroid due only to the mass of the asteroid. Assume the asteroid has a diameter of 10,000 km and a density of 1300 kg/m3. b. Tidal forces from Jupiter tend to disrupt the asteroid by pulling it apart. The tidal forces depend on the distance between Jupiter and the asteroid. There is a distance between Jupiter and the asteroid known as the Roche limit where the tidal forces are balanced by the asteroids own cohesive gravitational force. If the asteroid is within the Roche limit, it will be torn apart. Figure P7.60 shows Jupiters gravitational field as a function of distance from its center. By looking at this graph, can you determine an approximate value for the Roche limit for this asteroid in the vicinity of this planet? c. What will happen to the Roche limit if we consider an asteroid of lower density? FIGURE P7.60arrow_forwardA radioactive nucleus has a half-life of 5108 years. Assuming that a sample of rock (say, in an asteroid) solidified right after the solar system formed, approximately what fraction of the radioactive element should be left in the rock today?arrow_forwardYou analyze a sample of a meteorite that landed on Earth and find 7/8 of the uranium-238 radioactive atoms have decayed into lead-206. What percentage of the sample are daughter isotopes and what percentage are uranium-238 radioactive atoms? What is the age of the sample? What do you conclude about the sample? (Note: The half-life of uranium-238 is 4.5 billion years.)arrow_forward
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