(a)
Interpretation:
The oxidation number for nonmetal X in X2 is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The oxidation of an element is the tendency of an element to lose electrons. Oxidation number is the charge carried by an atom on formation of compound. A neutral molecule with identical elements have zero oxidation state.
Answer to Problem 1CE
The oxidation number for non metal X in X2 is zero.
Explanation of Solution
In X2, the compound formed is between two identical elements with same electronegativity. In this, no donation of electrons takes place between them and a covalent bond will be formed by sharing of electrons. This leads to the development of zero charge on both the elements.
Zero is the oxidation number for non metal X in X2.
(b)
Interpretation:
The oxidation number for non metal X in X2O is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The oxidation of an element is the tendency of an element to lose electrons. Oxidation number is the charge carried by an atom on formation of compound. A neutral molecule with different elements have elements present in different oxidation state.
Answer to Problem 1CE
The oxidation number for non metal X in X2O is +1.
Explanation of Solution
In X2O, the compound formed is between two identical elements with same electronegativity and one oxygen atom with different electronegativity. In this, donation of electrons takes place between them but the overall charge on the molecule is zero. In this compound, both X donate electron to oxygen and therefore, oxygen attains −2 charge.
Assume the oxidation number of X to be y then, oxidation number on 2 X will be 2y.
Calculate the oxidation number of X in X2O as shown below.
2y−2=02y=2y=+1
Therefore, the oxidation number of X in X2O is +1.
The oxidation number for non metal X in X2O is found to be +1.
(c)
Interpretation:
The oxidation number for nonmetal X in CaX2 is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The oxidation of an element is the tendency of an element to lose electrons. Oxidation number is the charge carried by an atom on formation of compound. A neutral molecule with different elements have elements present in different oxidation state.
Answer to Problem 1CE
The oxidation number for nonmetal X in CaX2 is −1.
Explanation of Solution
In CaX2, the compound formed is between two identical elements with same electronegativity and one calcium atom with different electronegativity. In this, donation of electrons takes place between them but the overall charge on the molecule is zero. In this compound, both X accept electron from calcium and therefore, calcium attains +2 charge.
Assume the oxidation number of X to be y then, oxidation number on 2 X will be 2y.
Calculate the oxidation number of X in CaX2 as shown below.
2+2y=02y=−2y=−1
Therefore, the oxidation number of X in CaX2 is −1.
The oxidation number for nonmetal X in CaX2 is found to be −1.<!--
(d)
Interpretation:
The oxidation number for nonmetal X in HXO4 is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
The oxidation of an element is the tendency of an element to lose electrons. Oxidation number is the charge carried by an atom on formation of compound. A neutral molecule with different elements have elements present in different oxidation state.
Answer to Problem 1CE
The oxidation number for non metal X in HXO4 is +7.
Explanation of Solution
In HXO4, the compound formed is between four identical oxygen elements with same electronegativity and two atom with different electronegativity. In this, donation of electrons takes place between them but the overall charge on the molecule is zero. In this compound, oxygen accepts electron from hydrogen and X and therefore, oxygen attains −2 charge. There are 4 oxygen atoms, so, the total charge on oxygen atoms will be −8.
Assume the oxidation number of X in HXO4 to be y.
Calculate the oxidation number of X in HXO4 as shown below.
+1+y−8=0y=+7
Therefore, the oxidation number of X in HXO4 is +7.
The oxidation number for non metal X in HXO4 is found to be +7.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking (8th Edition)
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