General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780132931281
Author: Ralph H. Petrucci, F. Geoffrey Herring, Jeffry D. Madura, Carey Bissonnette
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 77E
The molecular solid
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
The CO2 we breathe reacts with water in our blood to form the weak acid H2CO3. What mole ratio of H2CO3/HCO3− is required to obtain a pH of 7.40, the pH of blood? (Assume that the Ka of H2CO3 is 4.4 ✕ 10−8.)
Predict whether aqueous solutions of the following substances are acidic, basic, or neutral and write hydrolysis equations for the acidic and basic solutions.
(a) CsBr; (b) Al(NO3)3; (c) KCN; (d) CH3NH3Cl
Which of the following species can be Brønsted–Lowry bases: (a) Al(OH) 3; (b) Br −; (c) NH 4+; (d) CN −?
Chapter 16 Solutions
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
Ch. 16 - According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, lebel each...Ch. 16 - Write the formula of the conjugate based in the...Ch. 16 - For each of the following, identify the acides and...Ch. 16 - Which of the following species are amphiprotic in...Ch. 16 - Why which of the following bases will the...Ch. 16 - In a manner similar to equation (16.3), represent...Ch. 16 - With the aid of Table 16.2, predict the direction...Ch. 16 - With the aid of Table 16.2, predict the direction...Ch. 16 - Calculate [H2O4] and [OH-] or each solution: (a)...Ch. 16 - What is the pH of each of the following solution?...
Ch. 16 - Calculate [H2O4] and pH in saturated Ba(OH)2(aq) ,...Ch. 16 - A saturated aqueous soon of Ca(OH)2, has a pH of...Ch. 16 - Prob. 13ECh. 16 - What is the PH of the solution obtained when 125mL...Ch. 16 - How many millilaters at concentrated HCI(aq) (360%...Ch. 16 - How many milliliters of a 15.0%, by mass solution...Ch. 16 - What volume of 6.15 N HCI(aq) is required to...Ch. 16 - A 282 L volume of HCl(g), measured at 742 mmHg and...Ch. 16 - 50.00 mL of 0.0155 M Hl(aq) is mixed with 75.00 mL...Ch. 16 - 2500 mL of a HNO2(aq) solution with a pH of 2.12...Ch. 16 - What are the [H2O4] and pH of 0.143 M HNO2 ?Ch. 16 - What are the [H2O4] and pH of 0.085 M C2H2NH2 ?Ch. 16 - For the ionization of phenylacetic acid,...Ch. 16 - A 625 mL sample an aqueous solution containing...Ch. 16 - Fluroaceticectic acid occurs in gifblaar, one of...Ch. 16 - Caproic acid, HCgH11O2 , found in small amounts in...Ch. 16 - What mass of benzoic acid, CgC5COOH , would you...Ch. 16 - Whet must be the molarity of en aqueous solution...Ch. 16 - What are [H2O4] , [OH-] , pH, and pOH of 0.55 M M...Ch. 16 - What are [H2O4],[CH+],NH, and NH of 0.300 M CH2NH2...Ch. 16 - The solubility of 1-naphthylamin, C10H1NH2 ,a...Ch. 16 - A saturated aqueous solution of o-nitropenol,...Ch. 16 - A particular vinegar e found to contain 57% acetic...Ch. 16 - A particular household ammoni a solution (d = 0.97...Ch. 16 - A 275 mL sample of vapor in equilibrium with...Ch. 16 - One handbook lists a value of 95 for pK, of...Ch. 16 - In the diagram below, the sketch on the far on the...Ch. 16 - In the diagram below, the sketch on the far left...Ch. 16 - What is the (a) degree of ionization and (b)...Ch. 16 - What is the (a) degree of ionization and (b)...Ch. 16 - What must be the molarity of an aqueous solution...Ch. 16 - What must be the molarity of an acetic acid...Ch. 16 - Continuing the dilution described in Example 16.4,...Ch. 16 - What is the (a) degree of ionization and (b)...Ch. 16 - Prob. 45ECh. 16 - Cola drinks have a phosphoric acid content that as...Ch. 16 - Determine [H2O+],[HS-] , and [S2-] for the...Ch. 16 - For 0.045 M MH2CO2 , a weak diprotic acid....Ch. 16 - Calculate [H2O4] , [HSO4] , and SO42- in (a) 0.75M...Ch. 16 - Adipic acid, HOOC( CH2)4COOH , is among the top 50...Ch. 16 - The antimalarial dru g quinine, C20H24O2N2 , is a...Ch. 16 - For hydrazine, N2H4,pKa1=6.07 end pK32=15.05 ....Ch. 16 - Codeine, C12H21O2N , is an opiate and...Ch. 16 - Approximately 4 metric tons of quinoline, C8H7N ,...Ch. 16 - Complete the following equations in those...Ch. 16 - From data in Table 16.4, determine (a) Kgfor...Ch. 16 - Predict whether a solution of each of the...Ch. 16 - Arrange the following 0.010M solutions in order of...Ch. 16 - What is the pH of an aqueous solution that is...Ch. 16 - What is the pH of an aqueous solution that is...Ch. 16 - Sorbic acid, CH2CH=CH=CH2CO2H(pKg=4.772) , is...Ch. 16 - Pyridine, C3H2N(pKb=8.82) , from a salt,...Ch. 16 - For each of the blowing ions, write two equations—...Ch. 16 - Suppose you wanted to produce an aqueous solution...Ch. 16 - Predict which is the stronger acid: (a) HClO2 or...Ch. 16 - Explain why trichloroacetic acid, CCl2COOH , is a...Ch. 16 - Which is the stronger acid of each of the...Ch. 16 - Indicate Which of the following the weakest ac,...Ch. 16 - From the following bases, select the one with the...Ch. 16 - For the molecular models shown, write the formula...Ch. 16 - For each reaction draw a Lewis structure for each...Ch. 16 - In the following reactions indicate which is the...Ch. 16 - Indicate whether each of the following is a Lewis...Ch. 16 - Each of the following is a Lewis acid-base...Ch. 16 - The three following reactions are acid-base...Ch. 16 - CO2(g) can be removed from confined quarters (such...Ch. 16 - The molecular solid l2(s) e only slightly in...Ch. 16 - The following very strong acids are formed by the...Ch. 16 - Use Lewis structures to diagram the following...Ch. 16 - Use Lewis structures to diagram the following...Ch. 16 - Prob. 81IAECh. 16 - Prob. 82IAECh. 16 - Prob. 83IAECh. 16 - Prob. 84IAECh. 16 - Prob. 85IAECh. 16 - Prob. 86IAECh. 16 - From the observation that 0.0500M vinylacetic acid...Ch. 16 - Prob. 88IAECh. 16 - Use material balance and an electroneutrality...Ch. 16 - Prob. 90IAECh. 16 - Prob. 91IAECh. 16 - Prob. 92IAECh. 16 - Prob. 93IAECh. 16 - What mass of acetic acad, CH2COOH , must be...Ch. 16 - Prob. 95IAECh. 16 - Prob. 96IAECh. 16 - Prob. 97IAECh. 16 - Prob. 98IAECh. 16 - Prob. 99IAECh. 16 - Prob. 100IAECh. 16 - In this problem, we will use material balance and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 102IAECh. 16 - Prob. 103IAECh. 16 - Prob. 104IAECh. 16 - Maleic acid is a carbon-hydrogen-oxygen compound...Ch. 16 - In Example 16-9, rather than use the quadratic...Ch. 16 - Apply the general method for solution equilibrium...Ch. 16 - Prob. 108SAECh. 16 - Prob. 109SAECh. 16 - Explain the important distinctions between each...Ch. 16 - Prob. 111SAECh. 16 - Prob. 112SAECh. 16 - Prob. 113SAECh. 16 - Prob. 114SAECh. 16 - Prob. 115SAECh. 16 - Prob. 116SAECh. 16 - Prob. 117SAECh. 16 - Prob. 118SAECh. 16 - Determine the pH of 2.05 M NaCH2 ClCOO. (Use data...Ch. 16 - Prob. 120SAECh. 16 - A solution is found to have pH=5pOH . Is this...Ch. 16 - Propionic acid, CH2CHCOOH , is 0.42% ionized in...Ch. 16 - The conjugate acid of HPO42- is (a) PO42 ; (b)...Ch. 16 - Prob. 124SAECh. 16 - Prob. 125SAECh. 16 - Appendix E describes a useful study aid known as...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The hydrogen phthalate ion, C8HsO4, is a weak acid with Ka = 3.91 106. C8H5O4(aq)+H2O(l)C8H4O42(aq)+H3O+(aq) What is the pH of a 0.050 M solution of potassium hydrogen phthalate. KC8H5O4? Note: To find the pH for a solution of the anion, we must take into account that the ion is amphiprotic. It can be shown that, for most cases of amphiprotic ions, the H3O+ concentration is [H3O+]=Ka1Ka2 For phthalic acid, C8H6O4 is Ka1 is 1.12 103, and Ka2 is 3.91 106.arrow_forwardWeak base B has a pKb of 6.78 and weak acid HA has a pKa of 5.12. a Which is the stronger base, B or A? b Which is the stronger acid, HA or BH+? c Consider the following reaction: B(aq)+HA(aq)BH+(aq)+A(aq) Based on the information about the acid/base strengths for the species in this reaction, is this reaction favored to proceed more to the right or more to the left? Why? d An aqueous solution is made in which the concentration of weak base B is one half the concentration of its acidic salt, BHCl, where BH+ is the conjugate weak add of B. Calculate the pH of the solution. e An aqueous solution is made in which the concentration of weak acid HA twice the concentration of the sodium salt of the weak acid, NaA. Calculate the pH of the solution. f Assume the conjugate pairs B/BH+ and HA/A are capable of being used as color-based end point indicators in acidbase titrations, where B is the base form indicator and BH is the acid form indicator, and HA is the acid form indicator and A is the base form indicator. Select the indicator pair that would be best to use in each of the following titrations: (1) Titration of a strong acid with a strong base. (i) B/BH+ (ii) HA/A (2) Titration of a weak base with a strong acid. (i) B/BH+ (ii) HA/Aarrow_forwardThe elements sodium, aluminum, and chlorine are in the same period.. (a) Which has the greatest electronegativity?. (b) Which of the atoms is smallest?. (c) Write the Lewis structure for the simplest covalent compound that can form between aluminum and chlorine. (d) Will the oxide of each element be acidic, basic, or amphoteric?arrow_forward
- For conjugate acidbase pairs, how are Ka and Kb related? Consider the reaction of acetic acid in water CH3CO2H(aq)+H2O(l)CH3CO2(aq)+H3O+(aq) where Ka = 1.8 105 a. Which two bases are competing for the proton? b. Which is the stronger base? c. In light of your answer to part b. why do we classify the acetate ion (CH3CO2) as a weak base? Use an appropriate reaction to justify your answer. In general, as base strength increases, conjugate acid strength decreases. Explain why the conjugate acid of the weak base NH3 is a weak acid. To summarize, the conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base and the conjugate acid of a weak base is a weak acid (weak gives you weak). Assuming Ka for a monoprotic strong acid is 1 106, calculate Kb for the conjugate base of this strong acid. Why do conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties in water? List the conjugate bases of the six common strong acids. To tie it all together, some instructors have students think of Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ as the conjugate acids of the strong bases LiOH, KOH. RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2. Although not technically correct, the conjugate acid strength of these cations is similar to the conjugate base strength of the strong acids. That is, these cations have no acidic properties in water; similarly, the conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties (strong gives you worthless). Fill in the blanks with the correct response. The conjugate base of a weak acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a weak base is a_____acid. The conjugate base of a strong acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a strong base is a_____ acid. (Hint: Weak gives you weak and strong gives you worthless.)arrow_forwardWhat are the major species in solution after NaHSO4 is dissolved in water? What happens to the pH of the solution as more NaHSO4 is added? Why? Would the results vary if baking soda (NaHCO3) were used instead?arrow_forwardIn the following reactions, identify the Lewis acid and the Lewis base. (a) AlCl3 + Cl¯ → AICI, (b) CH;COOH(aq) + NH3(aq) → CH;COO (aq) + NH (aq) (c) Co³* (aq) + 6F (aq) → [CoF, j*¯ (aq)arrow_forward
- The active ingredient of bleach such as Clorox is sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Its conjugate acid, hypochlorous acid (HClO), has a Ka of 3.0 × 10^–8. (a) The undiluted bleach contains roughly 1 M NaClO. Calculate the pH of 1 M NaClO solution. (b) Some applications require extremely diluted bleach solution, such as swimming pools. Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 10,000 -fold. Calculate the pH of the diluted solution, and demonstrate that you can still neglect the autoionization of water in your calculation. (c) Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 1 million-fold, briefly explain how your approach will be different. Write the equation with [H3O+] as the unknown, but you do not need to solve it.arrow_forwardThe active ingredient of bleach such as Clorox is sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Its conjugate acid, hypochlorous acid (HClO), has a Ka of 3.0 × 10–8. (a) The undiluted bleach contains roughly 1 M NaClO.Calculate the pH of 1 M NaClO solution. (b) Some applications require extremely diluted bleach solution, such as swimming pools. Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 10,000-fold. Calculate the pH of the diluted solution, and demonstrate that you can still neglect the autoionization of water in your calculation. (c) Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 1 million-fold, briefly explain how your approach willbe different. Write the equation with [H3O+] as the unknown, but you do not need to solve it.arrow_forwardThe active ingredient of bleach such as Clorox is sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Its conjugate acid, hypochlorous acid (HClO), has a Ka of 3.0 × 10–8. (a)The undiluted bleach contains roughly 1 M NaClO. Calculate the pH of 1 M NaClO solution. (b)Some applications require extremely diluted bleach solution, such as swimming pools. Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 10,000 -fold. Calculate the pH of the diluted solution, and demonstrate that you can still neglect the autoionization of water in your calculation. (c)Suppose the solution in (a) is diluted by 1million-fold, briefly explain how your approach will be different. Write the equation with [H3O+] as the unknown, but you do not need to solve it.arrow_forward
- Determine the pH of a 0.15 M solution of Ca(BrO2)2 at 25 °C. At the same temperature, Ka for HBRO2 = 5.6 x 10 and K, for Ca(OH)2 > 1.arrow_forwardThe base protonation constant K, of allantoin (C,H,N,0,NH,) is 9.12 × 10 °. 4 3 3 Calculate the pH of a 1.3 M solution of allantoin at 25 °C. Round your answer to 1 decimal place.arrow_forwardTwo chemical reactions are listed. In one of them, the phosphorus-containing anion on the left is a Brønsted acid, and in the other reaction, the phosphorus-containing anion on the left is a Brønsted base. Identify in which reaction it is a Brønsted acid. О н,РО, (аq) + CH;CO, (аq) — НРО,* (аq) + CH;CO2H(aq) НРО * (аq) + HСО; (аq) — Н,РО, (аq) + СОз* (аq)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133949640
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Chemistry
ISBN:9781938168390
Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher:OpenStax
General Chemistry | Acids & Bases; Author: Ninja Nerd;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOr_5tbgfQ0;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY