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Approximately 4 metric tons of quinoline,
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General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
- For conjugate acidbase pairs, how are Ka and Kb related? Consider the reaction of acetic acid in water CH3CO2H(aq)+H2O(l)CH3CO2(aq)+H3O+(aq) where Ka = 1.8 105 a. Which two bases are competing for the proton? b. Which is the stronger base? c. In light of your answer to part b. why do we classify the acetate ion (CH3CO2) as a weak base? Use an appropriate reaction to justify your answer. In general, as base strength increases, conjugate acid strength decreases. Explain why the conjugate acid of the weak base NH3 is a weak acid. To summarize, the conjugate base of a weak acid is a weak base and the conjugate acid of a weak base is a weak acid (weak gives you weak). Assuming Ka for a monoprotic strong acid is 1 106, calculate Kb for the conjugate base of this strong acid. Why do conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties in water? List the conjugate bases of the six common strong acids. To tie it all together, some instructors have students think of Li+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ as the conjugate acids of the strong bases LiOH, KOH. RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2. Although not technically correct, the conjugate acid strength of these cations is similar to the conjugate base strength of the strong acids. That is, these cations have no acidic properties in water; similarly, the conjugate bases of strong acids have no basic properties (strong gives you worthless). Fill in the blanks with the correct response. The conjugate base of a weak acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a weak base is a_____acid. The conjugate base of a strong acid is a_____base. The conjugate acid of a strong base is a_____ acid. (Hint: Weak gives you weak and strong gives you worthless.)arrow_forwardThe hydrogen phthalate ion, C8HsO4, is a weak acid with Ka = 3.91 106. C8H5O4(aq)+H2O(l)C8H4O42(aq)+H3O+(aq) What is the pH of a 0.050 M solution of potassium hydrogen phthalate. KC8H5O4? Note: To find the pH for a solution of the anion, we must take into account that the ion is amphiprotic. It can be shown that, for most cases of amphiprotic ions, the H3O+ concentration is [H3O+]=Ka1Ka2 For phthalic acid, C8H6O4 is Ka1 is 1.12 103, and Ka2 is 3.91 106.arrow_forwardWeak base B has a pKb of 6.78 and weak acid HA has a pKa of 5.12. a Which is the stronger base, B or A? b Which is the stronger acid, HA or BH+? c Consider the following reaction: B(aq)+HA(aq)BH+(aq)+A(aq) Based on the information about the acid/base strengths for the species in this reaction, is this reaction favored to proceed more to the right or more to the left? Why? d An aqueous solution is made in which the concentration of weak base B is one half the concentration of its acidic salt, BHCl, where BH+ is the conjugate weak add of B. Calculate the pH of the solution. e An aqueous solution is made in which the concentration of weak acid HA twice the concentration of the sodium salt of the weak acid, NaA. Calculate the pH of the solution. f Assume the conjugate pairs B/BH+ and HA/A are capable of being used as color-based end point indicators in acidbase titrations, where B is the base form indicator and BH is the acid form indicator, and HA is the acid form indicator and A is the base form indicator. Select the indicator pair that would be best to use in each of the following titrations: (1) Titration of a strong acid with a strong base. (i) B/BH+ (ii) HA/A (2) Titration of a weak base with a strong acid. (i) B/BH+ (ii) HA/Aarrow_forward
- The simplest amino acid is glycine, H2NCH2CO2H. The common feature of amino acids is that they contain the functional groups: an amine group, -NH2, and a carboxylic acid group, -CO2H. An amino acid can function as either an acid or a base. For glycine, the acid strength of the carboxyl group is about the same as that of acetic acid. CH3CO2H, and the base strength of the amino group is slightly greater than that of ammonia, NH3. (a) Write the Lewis structures of the ions that form when glycine is dissolved in 1 M HCl and in 1 M KOH. (b) Write the Lewis structure of glycine when this amino acid is dissolved in water. (Hint: Consider the relative base strengths of the -NH2 and -CO2- groups.)arrow_forwardDetermine the pH of (a) A 0.10 M CH3COOH solution (ICE) (b) A solution that is 0.10 M CH3COOH and 0.10 M CH3COONa. Ka for CH3COOH = 1.8 X 10-5.arrow_forward3.134 grams of potassium sorbate (KCH3(CH,)4CO2 ) is fully dissolved in 100.00 mL of water, which is carefully transferred to a conical flask. Then 100.00 mL of 0.240 M HNO, is added dropwise to this solution from a burette. Given: K, (sorbic acid) = 1.7 x 10-5. Showing all your calculations and reasoning, determine the pH of the solution that results after the addition of all the acid mentioned above.arrow_forward
- Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of lactic acid.a) Use Acid-Base Properties of Salt Solutions, to explain if sodium lactate, NaC3H5O3(aq), is acidic or basic?b) Use ICE table to determine what is the pH of a solution that contains 0.75mol/L lactic acid, HC3H5O3(aq) (Ka = 1.4 x 10-4), and 0.25mol/L sodium lactate, NaC3H5O3(aq) ?arrow_forwardA 0.018 M solution of salicylic acid, HOC6H4CO2H, has the same pH as 0.0038 M HNO3solution. (a) Write an equation for the ionization of salicylic acid in aqueous solution. (Assume only the –CO2H portion of the molecule ionizes.) (b) What is the pH of solution containing 0.018 M salicylic acid? (c) Calculate the Ka of salicylic acid.arrow_forwardA buffer is prepared using lactic acid (HLac) and sodium lactate (NaLac). 0.300 dm3 of the0.500 mol·dm–3 HLac solution is mixed with 0.300 dm3 of the 0.300 mol·dm–3 NaLac solutionto prepare the buffer. Ka for lactic acid (HLac) is 1.4 x 10–4 a.Calculate the pH of the buffer solution. [2]b.What will the pH of the above solution be after 5.0 cm3 of 0.200 mol·dm–3 NaOH hasbeen added to only 100.0 cm3 of this bufferarrow_forward
- Methanoic acid is also called formic acid. It has the chemical formula HCOOH(l). It is a colourless fuming liquid that is mainly used as a preservative. It exhibits the following equilibrium in water:HCOOH(aq) + H2O(l) → HCOO–(aq) + H3O+(aq) 3) A 35.0 mL sample of (monoprotic) lactic acid, C3H6O3, is titrated with 20.0 mL of a 4.0 x 10-4 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution. What is the pH of the resulting solution at the equivalence point, if Ka for lactic acid is 1.4 x 10-4? PLEASE HELP THIS IS VERY URGENTarrow_forwardCalculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 0.482 mol of benzoic acid and 0.104 mol of sodium benzoate in water sufficient to yield 1.00 L of solution. The K, of benzoic acid is 6.30 x 105. CHSCOOH(aq) + H2O(1) = H3O*(aq) + C6H5CO2 (aq) K = 6.30 × 10-5 A pH = pK, + log; [HA] [* ] %3Darrow_forwardPropanoic acid, CH₂CH₂COOH, is a weak monoprotic acid that is used to inhibit mould formation in bread. A student prepared a 0.10 mol/L solution of propanoic acid and found that the pH was 2.96. What is the acid dissociation constant for propanoic acid? [Hint: Setup an I.C.E. table] CH3CH₂COOH (aq) Ka for propanoic acid is: ←CH3CH₂COO (aq) + H (aq)arrow_forward
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