Microeconomics
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259915727
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 16, Problem 5RQ
To determine
Marginal analysis.
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. Suppose that a car dealership wishes to see if efficiency wages will help improve its salespeople’s productivity. Currently, each salesperson sells an average of one car per day while being paid $20 per hour for an eight-hour day. LO17.8
What is the current labor cost per car sold?
Suppose that when the dealer raises the price of labor to $30 per hour the average number of cars sold by a salesperson increases to two per day. What is now the labor cost per car sold? By how much is it higher or lower than it was before? Has the efficiency of labor expenditures by the firm (cars sold per dollar of wages paid to salespeople) increased or decreased?
Suppose that if the wage is raised a second time to $40 per hour the number of cars sold rises to an average of 2.5 per day. What is now the labor cost per car sold?
If the firm’s goal is to maximize the efficiency of its labor expenditures, which of the three hourly salary rates should it use: $20 per hour, $30 per hour, or $40 per hour?…
The table below shows your production function relating output per number of hired workers (assume no changes to the
capital and size of the convenient store.
Use the given information to find the Marginal Product of Labor.
Workers Total Output
0
0
1
2
3
4
LO
5
90
149
182
197
202
Marginal Product
A
OHire a number of workers where marginal product is positive
OHire a number of workers where marginal product is negative
OHire the number of workers where marginal product is maximized
—
←
What should determine the number of workers to hire if your goal is to maximize efficiency?
OHire as many employees as possible
OHire the minimum number of workers
Suppose that for a particular firm the only variable input into the production process is labor and that output equals
zero when no workers are hired. In addition, suppose that fixed cost is $130, marginal cost of each worker hired is
constant at $40, and the average total cost when three workers are hired is $50. What is the output when three workers
are hired?
O
20
120
150
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- The accompanying table describes the relationship between the number of workers hired by a call center each hour and the number of calls the call center can make each hour. The call center has only 1 telephone. The telephone costs the firm $5/hour (regardless of how many calls are made), and each worker is paid $10 per hour Calls Per Hour 1 2 6 16 O 22 24 What is the total cost of making 2 calls an hour? Multiple Choice O $45 $40 $20 Number of Telephones 1 1 1 1 1 1 $10 Number of Workers Per Hour 2 4 6 8 10 12arrow_forwardYou are an employer seeking to fill a vacant position on an assembly line. Are you more concemed with the average product of labor or the marginal product of labor for the last person hired? O A. The marginal product of labor because to maximize profits, you will want to hire labor up to but not exceeding the point where labor begins to experience diminishing marginal returns. O B. The average product of labor because productivity is maximized when average product is maximized This determines the output where revenue and profit are maximized. O C. The average product of labor because to maximize profits, you will want to hire labor up to but not exceeding the point where labor begins to experience diminishing marginal returns O D. The marginal product because it measures the effect the last person hired has on output, or total product. This helps determine the revenue generated by hiring an another worker, which can be compared with the cost of hiring an another workerarrow_forwardCan a firm have a production function that exhibits increasing returns to scale, constant returns to scale, and decreasing returns to scale as output increases? Discuss. O A. No. The functional form of the production technology dictates the type of returns to scale it exhibits. While a production function can exhibit both increasing returns and constant returns to scale at different levels of output, increasing returns and decreasing returns to scale are mutually exclusive. O B. Yes. At low levels of output, specialization leads to increasing returns to scale. Once specialization has been exhausted, proportional increases in all inputs lead to constant returns to scale. And finally, for large scale operations, logistical and bureaucratic problems can lead to decreasing returns to scale. O C. No. The functional form of the production technology dictates the type of returns to scales it exhibits, and there will only be one of the three types of returns to scale exhibited throughout the…arrow_forward
- Let's assume that a firm produces 60 products. Its total weekly cost (TC) at this output is $2,100. This includes TVC and TFC. We also know that the firm employs 3 part- time workers at a wage cost of $600 per worker per week. This is the firm's only variable cost (TVC). What is the firm's average fixed cost (AFC) at this output? O $2.50. O $2. O $5. O $100. O $10. Let's assume that a firm's total weekly costs are as follows: 1. Salaries of hired workers $5,000. 2. Supplies = $1,000. 3. Rent = $600, 4. The owners have invested a certain amount of their own money into the business. This could have earned them interest of $200 per week if they had chosen to put it into a bank instead of investing it into their business. 5. The value of the owner's time is estimated to be $800 per week. What are the firm's total economic costs? O $6.000 O $7.600. O $900. $7.500. O $6.700.arrow_forwardWorkers Pizza Fixed cost in $ per day per day Variable cost in S TC per day 400 per day [25 (75 400 200 6 00 750 850 400 350 450 115 400 145 400 600 lo00 1200 170 400 800 8. Referring to the table above, when the second worker is hired, the marginal cost per pizza is equal to: a) $3 b. $75 750-600 75-25 150 ATC %3D 5u C. $50 d. $150 Duutp Dout 際ATCarrow_forwardQuestion 19 widget-manufacturing The production function for a firm is given by q = 9K0.5L0.5, where q is the number of widgets produced each hour, K is the number of specialized staplers (which is fixed at 4 in the short run), and L is the number of employees. What is the marginal product of labor at L = 9? O 18 O 3 none of the abovearrow_forward
- O O c. 3 d. 2 Table 13-3 0 1 2 3 4 Refer to Table 13-3. At which number of workers does diminishing marginal product begin? O a. 1 O b. 4 Labor (Number of workers) (Units) (Dollars) Output Fixed Cost Variable Cost Total Cost (Dollars) 0 20 40 60 80 0 90 170 230 240 50 50 50 50 50 (Dollars) 50 70 90 110 130arrow_forwardSuppose that low-skilled workers employed in clearing woodland can each clear one acre per month if each is equipped with a shovel, a machete, and a chainsaw. Clearing one acre brings in $1,000 in revenue. Each worker’s equipment costs the worker’s employer $150 per month to rent and each worker toils 40 hours per week for four weeks each month. LO17.6 Now consider the employer’s total costs. These include the equipment costs as well as a normal profit of $50 per acre. If the firm pays workers the minimum wage of $6.20 per hour, what will the firm’s economic profit or loss be per acre? At what value would the minimum wage have to be set so that the firm would make zero economic profit from employing an additional low-skilled worker to clear woodland?arrow_forwardFigure 17-2 Marginal revenue product of labor 56 48 40 36 28 20 11 0 O 1 2 3 4 5 Marginal revenue product of labor Quantity of labor Figure 17-2 shows the marginal revenue product for Becca's Baubles, a producer of hand-beaded bracelets. Refer to Figure 17-2. Suppose the market price of bracelets falls to $2. What happens to the curve given in the diagram? O Nothing, because labor's productivity has not changed. There will be a movement along the curve. The curve shifts to the left. C We cannot answer the question without knowing if Becca would want to hire more workers.arrow_forward
- Consider a small landscaping company run by Mr. Viemeister. He is considering increasing his firm’s capacity. If he adds one more worker, the firm’s total monthly revenue will increase from $50,000 to $58,000. If he adds one more tractor, monthly revenue will increase from $50,000 to $62,000. Each additional worker costs $4,000 per month, while an additional tractor would also cost $4,000 per month. LO16.5 a. What is the marginal product of labor? The marginal product of capital? b. What is the ratio of the marginal product of labor to the price of labor (MPL/PL)? What is the ratio of the marginal product of capital to the price of capital (MPK/PK)? c. Is the firm using the least-costly combination of inputs? d. Does adding an additional worker or adding an additional tractor yield a larger increase in total revenue for each dollar spent?arrow_forwardThe following labor market graph applies to questions 13-16. Consider the following competitive labor market situation before and after a tax is levied on labor suppliers. (This would be as if the companies did not withhold any taxes from workers' paychecks. The workers would always be the ones mailing in any taxes owed on their pay from the firms.) W wd Wo Ws Imp E L L₁ Lo D(no tax) D. (with tax) L 13. Before the tax is imposed, firms' surplus is given by the area A + B + C. This surplus measures O the workers' addition to profit. O how much the firm is paying the workers. O how much more the workers are getting paid compared the combined minima the workers are willing to work for. O the firms' combined revenues. O the size of the wage.arrow_forwardThe following figure shows the revenue and cost curves for a firm X. RM 10 a. b. C. 7 6 LO 5 4 3.5 0 20 25 30 MC 40 AVC AC AR=MR Units If a firm X achieves productivity efficiency, what will be the total revenuel generated At what price will a firm stop operating? Please explain. If the market price is RM4.00, what is the total profit or total loss.arrow_forward
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