Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 4AYKA
Mr. Montez is a patient with type I diabetes mellitus. He presents with dizziness, rapid breathing, confusion, and weakness. You find out that he forgot to inject his normal dose of insulin this morning. Will his blood glucose concentration be normal? Explain. Your colleague suggests that Mr. Montez needs to ingest some sugar. Is this going to help him? Why or why not?
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Mr. M is a patient with type I diabetes mellitus. He presents with dizziness, rapid breathing, confusion, and weakness. You find out that he forgot to inject his normal dose of insulin this morning. Will his blood glucose concentration be normal? Explain. Your colleague suggests that Mr. Montez needs to ingest some sugar. Is this going to help him? Why or why not?
Charles is a diabetic with Alzheimer's disease and often forgets whether he has injected insulin or not. He is in the emergency room today because of heart abnormalities and is found to have hyperinsulinemia. You would also expect his blood analysis to show:
hyperkalemia
hypokalemia
Why is insulin administered by injection instead of taken in tablet form?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 16.1 - How do the endocrine and nervous systems differ in...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2QCCh. 16.1 - Prob. 3QCCh. 16.1 - What are the two major classes of hormones, and...Ch. 16.1 - 5. How do synergistic and antagonistic hormones...Ch. 16.1 - What is the half-life of a hormone, and how is it...Ch. 16.1 - 7. What are the three types of stimuli that...Ch. 16.1 - How is hormone secretion generally regulated?Ch. 16.2 - 1. How do the anterior pituitary and posterior...Ch. 16.2 - What is the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal...
Ch. 16.2 - 3. What are the target tissues and effects of...Ch. 16.2 - What are the target tissues and effects of...Ch. 16.2 - Which gland produces ADH and oxytocin, and from...Ch. 16.2 - How does the hypothalamus control the secretion of...Ch. 16.2 - 7. What are the tropic hormones of the anterior...Ch. 16.2 - Describe the target tissues and effects of growth...Ch. 16.3 - 1. What are thyroid follicles and how are they...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 2QCCh. 16.3 - What are the main functions of thyroid hormones?Ch. 16.3 - 4. How are thyroid hormones produced? How is this...Ch. 16.3 - 5. What homeostatic imbalances may accompany...Ch. 16.3 - What are the target tissues and effects of...Ch. 16.3 - Prob. 7QCCh. 16.4 - 1. What are the three zones of the adrenal...Ch. 16.4 - 2. What are the target tissues and effects of...Ch. 16.4 - 3. What are the target tissues and effects of...Ch. 16.4 - What two hormones are produced by the adrenal...Ch. 16.4 - What is the relationship between the adrenal...Ch. 16.5 - What are the main target tissues of glucagon? What...Ch. 16.5 - What are the main target tissues of insulin?Ch. 16.5 - What are the signs and symptoms of the two types...Ch. 16.5 - 4. How do glucagon and insulin work together to...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 1QCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 2QCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 3QCCh. 16.6 - Prob. 4QCCh. 16.7 - Which hormones primarily control fluid...Ch. 16.7 - 2. What is the role of each of these hormones...Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 3QCCh. 16.7 - Prob. 4QCCh. 16.7 - Prob. 5QCCh. 16.7 - 6. What is the role of each hormone in the stress...Ch. 16 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 16 - Which of the following is not a potential effect...Ch. 16 - 3. Which of the following hormones is/are produced...Ch. 16 - How does ADH affect the amount of water in the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 16 - 6. List the target tissues and effects of the...Ch. 16 -
7. The thyroid gland consists of:
a. follicle...Ch. 16 - 8. Which of the following is not an effect of...Ch. 16 - 9. Mark the following statements as true or false....Ch. 16 - 10 Fill in the blanks: A rise in free and would...Ch. 16 - 11. Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 16 -
12. Fill in the blanks: The outer part of the...Ch. 16 - Which of the following is not an effect of...Ch. 16 - 14. Cortisol is:
a. a potent inhibitor of the...Ch. 16 - 15. Describe the components of the...Ch. 16 - Which of the following hormones is not an integral...Ch. 16 - 17. Which of the following statements about the...Ch. 16 - Explain how insulin and glucagon are antagonists.Ch. 16 - Prob. 19CYRCh. 16 - Match the following hormones with their correct...Ch. 16 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 16 - Predict the effects of a pancreatic tumor that...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 16 - 3. A patient has a brain tumor that necessitates...Ch. 16 - 1. Ms. Reczkiewicz has her thyroid gland removed...Ch. 16 - A new diet guru claims hypersecretion of cortisol...Ch. 16 - Lets say that the dietary supplement in question 2...Ch. 16 -
4. Mr. Montez is a patient with type I diabetes...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5AYKBCh. 16 - You have read that aldosterone causes sodium ion...
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- Mr. North is 62 years of age and has recently been diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes. Define Type 2 diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus) and list two facts about it not found in the book. What lifestyle changes are required to assist a resident with blood sugar control? Explain at least three common future complications of this condition.arrow_forwardWhy was she immediately treated with insulin following her diagnosis at age 11? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhich type of insulin can never be combined with any other insulin:arrow_forward
- Hyperinsulinism, the result of an excessive insulin dose or an insulin-secreting tumor, can result in brain damage. Explain.arrow_forwardWhy is insulin not given orally but its injected into the body?arrow_forwardMr. Morgan was admitted with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) yesterday. His initial blood glucose reading was 740 mg/dL. An infusion of regular insulin was started for glucose management, as well as a normal saline infusion for hydration. His latest blood glucose reading is 230 mg/dL. As the nurse, your next step is to: administer an ampule of 50% dextrose solution. administer long-acting NPH insulin subcutaneously. advance the patient’s diet to an 1800 calorie ADA diet. convert to intravenous fluids containing 5% dextrose.arrow_forward
- Why is injecting insulin an essential part of the daily regime for most people with diabetes?arrow_forwardWhat happens to the insulin-secreting capacity of a type 2 diabetic placed on insulin therapy earlier than recommended? Can the external supply of insulin improve the functional capacity of the insulin-secreting cells, to some extent by providing some rest to these cells? Is inhaled insulin a suitable substitute for injectable insulin? Is there, or will there soon be, insulin in the form of a tablet?arrow_forwardA doctor has three patients who he suspects may be diabetic. On two occasions, each patient was administered a sugar test (i.e., was asked to consume a very sugary beverage) and their blood sugar levels were monitored for 120 minutes according to the graphs shown below. a) Which of the three patients does not have diabetes? How do you know? b) Which of the three patients has Type I diabetes? How do you know? c) Which of the three patients has Type II diabetes? How do you know?arrow_forward
- A client with T2DM is admitted to the medical unit with pneumonia. The client’s oral antidiabetic medication has been discontinued and the patient is now receiving insulin for glucose control. Which of the following statements best explains the rationale for this change in medication? Question 73 options: a) Insulin administration will help prevent hypoglycemia during the illness b) Acute illnesses like pneumonia will cause increased insulin resistance c) Infection has compromised beta cell function so the client will need insulin from now on d) Stress-related conditions such as infections induce a hypermetabolic statearrow_forwardFor our patient John with diabetes type II, he can make insulin but his body cells can be resistant to this insulin. Note: activated insulin receptors will activate glucose receptors. John takes a drug called metformin, in conjunction with regulating his diet and exercising. This drug has two main effects. First, it helps reduce hepatic (liver) production of glucose. Second, it helps cells become more sensitive to insulin. Explain how these two effects of metformin can help John.arrow_forwardIf Elaine is diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus Type II, which of the following is NOT true? Her body cells have likely become insulin resistant. She will need to make lifestyle changes, including changes to her diet and exercise routine. If she does not treat her condition, she could develop metabolic ketoacidosis. Insulin injections will likely be required.arrow_forward
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