Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 16, Problem 43QAP
To determine
The blue shift associated with the motion.
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It is possible to derive the age of the universe given the value of the Hubble constant and the distance to a galaxy, again with the assumption that the value of the Hubble constant has not changed since the Big Bang. Consider a galaxy at a distance of 235 million light-years receding from us at a velocity, v. If the Hubble constant is 20.5 km/s per million light-years, what is its velocity? (Enter the magnitude in km/s.)
_________ km/s
The star Sirius A is 8.66 light-years from Earth. Imagine a spaceship that travels from Earth to Sirius A at a constant speed of 0.951c. On Earth, we would measure the time it takes for the ship to reach the star to be
(8.66 ly/0.951c)=9.11 years
(a)
How much time (in years) would it take the ship to travel from the Earth to the star as measured by an astronaut aboard the ship?
(b)
What is the distance to the star (in light years) as measured by an astronaut aboard the ship?
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
Cosmic background
data from COBE
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.5
10
Wavelength A in mm
c)
Background (CMB) undertaken by the COBE satellite. Use this diagram to estimate the
current temperature of the CMB. Based on your estimate, what would the temperature of
the CMB have been at a redshift of z = 5000?
The left hand diagram above shows the results from observations of the Cosmic Microwave
Radiated Intensity per Unit Wavelength
(16° Watts/m per mm)
Chapter 16 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 16.1CYUCh. 16.2 - Prob. 16.2CYUCh. 16.3 - Prob. 16.3CYUCh. 16.4 - Prob. 16.4CYUCh. 16.5 - Prob. 16.5CYUCh. 16.6 - Prob. 16.6CYUCh. 16 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 4QAP
Ch. 16 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 45QAP
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- Why the gravitational force is so important on the cosmic scale?arrow_forwardSuppose we find an Earth-like planet around one of our nearest stellar neighbors, Alpha Centauri (located only 4.4 light-years away). If we launched a "generation ship" at a constant speed of 1500.00 km/s from Earth with a group of people whose descendants will explore and colonize this planet, how many years before the generation ship reached Alpha Centauri? (Note there are 9.46 ××1012 km in a light-year and 31.6 million seconds in a year.arrow_forwardF2 3 #m E Which of the following did NOT happen during the first few minutes after the Big Bang? D O matter and antimatter collided and turned into energy O two or three of the simplest elements fused together O temperatures throughout the universe were hotter than the cores of stars are today some very massive early stars formed с O energy was converted to matter F3 $ 4 R F F4 Q Search % 5 V F5 T ㅁ G O 6 F6 Y B H F7 & 7 COO PrtScn с F8 8 Home L J umien A F9 Aunty Bindungen in Surinam 9 www.mark N M End K F10 Oarrow_forward
- Galaxy NGC 2342 has a velocity of 5,690 km/s and is at a distance of 74 Mpc away. What is the value of the Hubble constant based upon these values? Galaxy NGC 4442 is 120 Mpc away. If the Hubble Constant is 68 km/s/Mpc, how fast should NGC 4442 be moving due to the expansion of the Universe?arrow_forwardThe best parallaxes obtained with Hipparcos have an accuracy of 0.001 arcsec. If you want to measure the distance to a star with an accuracy of 10%, its parallax must be 10 times larger than the typical error. How far away can you obtain a distance that is accurate to 10% with Hipparcos data? The disk of our Galaxy is 100,000 light-years in diameter. What fraction of the diameter of the Galaxy’s disk is the distance for which we can measure accurate parallaxes?arrow_forwardSince the force of gravity a significant distance away from the event horizon of a black hole is the same as that of an ordinary object of the same mass, Kepler’s third law is valid. Suppose that Earth collapsed to the size of a golf ball. What would be the period of revolution of the Moon, orbiting at its current distance of 400,000 km? Use Kepler’s third law to calculate the period of revolution of a spacecraft orbiting at a distance of 6000 km.arrow_forward
- What is an event horizon? Does our Sun have an event horizon around it?arrow_forwardWhat does the term Hubble time mean in cosmology, and what is the current best calculation for the Hubble time?arrow_forwardThe best evidence for a black hole at the center of the Galaxy also comes from the application of Kepler’s third law. Suppose a star at a distance of 20 light-hours from the center of the Galaxy has an orbital speed of 6200 km/s. How much mass must be located inside its orbit?arrow_forward
- The Tully-Fischer method relies on being able to relate the mass of a galaxy to its rotation velocity. Stars in the outer-most regions of the Milky Way galaxy, located at a distance of 50 kpc from the galactic centre, are observed to orbit at a speed vrot = 250 km s−1. Using Kepler’s 3rd Law, determine the mass in the Milky Way that lies interior to 50 kpc. Express your answer in units of the Solar mass.arrow_forward(Astronomy) PSR1913+16 Problem II. Using only the Figure, what are the maximum radial velocities as found from the redshift and blueshift, respectively? Note: redshifts have positive radial velocities values in the figure, whereas blueshifts have negative radial velocity values. (Answer in km/s)arrow_forwardThe Sun is moving at 220 ??/? around the Galactic Center at a more-or-less constant distance of 8.5 ???. To appreciate how remarkable this is, consider the following questions: a) How massive would the Sun have to be for the Earth to have an orbital velocity of 220 km/s at 1 AU? b) How fast would the Earth move if it was in orbit around the Sun at a distance of 8.5 kpc? Of course, you may ignore the effects of all other stars in this calculation.arrow_forward
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