Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 16, Problem 16QAP
To determine
The effect on the universe when it is dominated by the matter.
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1. The current (critical) density of our universe is pe = 10-26kg/m³. Assume the universe is
filled with cubes with equal size that each contain one person of m = 100kg. What would
the length of the side of such a cube have to be in order to give the correct critical density?
How many hydrogen atoms would you need in a box of 1 m³ to reach the critical density?
The matter we know, which consists mostly of hydrogen, constitutes only 4.8% of the current
critical energy density of our universe. So how many hydrogen atoms are actually in a box
of 1 m3 in our universe? Deep space is very empty and a much better vacuum than we can
obtain on earth in a laboratory.
What can change the expansion rate of the Universe over time?
Gravity: Attractive forces increase the expansion rate by pulling mass together making gravity stronger.
Gravity decreases the expansion rate, while electromagnetic forces are always repulsive and speed-up expansion.
Attractive forces such as gravity decrease the expansion rate. Repulsive forces would speed-up expansion by pushing spacetime apart.
Nothing, since the expansion rate remains always constant, and it is measured from Hubble's law.
The matter density in the Universe today is ?m=2.7×10−27kgm−3. What would be the value of the density parameter, Ω0, if the Hubble constant had the value H0 = 38 km/s/Mpc?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 16.1CYUCh. 16.2 - Prob. 16.2CYUCh. 16.3 - Prob. 16.3CYUCh. 16.4 - Prob. 16.4CYUCh. 16.5 - Prob. 16.5CYUCh. 16.6 - Prob. 16.6CYUCh. 16 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 4QAP
Ch. 16 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 16 - Prob. 45QAP
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What will happen if the density of the universe is less than the critical density?arrow_forwardWhat was the temperature of the universe when the recombination took place that produced the cosmic background radiation we observe today? a. about 2.7 K b. about 300 K c. about 3000 K d. about 3 million K e. about 3 billion Karrow_forwardWe know that dark matter must exist in galaxies. If not, many of the stars in a galaxy would ... a.Expand and go supernova due to the expansion of the Universe b.Fly away from the galaxy because the stars’ velocities are so large, and the galaxy would not have enough gravity to hold onto them c.Orbit the center of the galaxy normally d.Spiral in toward the center of the galaxy because most of the galaxy’s mass would be toward the centerarrow_forward
- The history of the universe described by the Big Bang theory is separated into different eras. During which era was the predominant temperature of the Universe about 1 million Kelvin?a.The Plank Erab.The GUT Erac.The Electroweak Erad.The Era of Nucleie.The Era of AtomsSome planets have very strong magnetic fields. What features must a planet have to cause this?a.both rapid rotation and a conducting liquid coreb.only a rapid rotationc.only a liquid conducting cored.both a rapid rotation and a solid metallic coree.only a metallic corearrow_forwardWhat percentage of matter is ordinary matter? What percentage is dark matter? What makes up the rest of the Universes density?arrow_forwardGalaxies are found in the “walls” of huge voids; very few galaxies are found in the voids themselves. The text says that the structure of filaments and voids has been present in the universe since shortly after the expansion began 13.8 billion years ago. In science, we always have to check to see whether some conclusion is contradicted by any other information we have. In this case, we can ask whether the voids would have filled up with galaxies in roughly 14 billion years. Observations show that in addition to the motion associated with the expansion of the universe, the galaxies in the walls of the voids are moving in random directions at typical speeds of 300 km/s. At least some of them will be moving into the voids. How far into the void will a galaxy move in 14 billion years? Is it a reasonable hypothesis that the voids have existed for 14 billion years?arrow_forward
- Assume the average density of the universe is 0.1 of the critical density needed for closure. What is the average number of protons per cubic meter, assuming the universe is composed mostly of hydrogen?arrow_forwardThe main reason the night sky is dark is that the universe is a. homogeneous. b. static. c. infinite in size. d. expanding. e. finite in age.arrow_forwardAs the universe expands, which type of cosmic energy has a density that falls off most quickly? 1. Dark energy density 2. Dark matter density 3. Normal matter density 4. Radiation energy densityarrow_forward
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