Biology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 1.6, Problem 1CS
Summary Introduction
To explain: The way in which both the give tRNA molecules differ from each other.
Introduction: RNA stands for “Ribonucleic acid”. There are three types of RNAs present in humans that include: mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. tRNA stands for “transfer RNA”. It is a very important RNA molecule that is present in the living organism. It is used in the transcription method. It acts as a connecting unit between mRNA (messenger RNA) and amino acids. It translates mRNA into amino acids to synthesize proteins.
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Below is a strand of mRNA with three codons listed on the strand. Imagine the mRNA strand is in the cytoplasm of a cell and translation is in progress. Draw and label all the necessary main players needed for translation to occur. Included in your drawing should also bee 3 tRNAs , these 3 tRNAs should represent two different forms of tRNA.
MRNA 5' ------------AUG------------AGG----------GAG
1Need help:. draw valine-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase. Show the
tRNAs and the valine amino acid. You can use the one-letter code for valine (V) and do not have to draw
the amino acid structure. Label the tRNA and amino acid binding sites on the enzyme.
Explain the function of valine-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase and explain why there are 20 related enzymes
in every cell.
Molecular Biology (Biol-L211)
Dr. Nole
Central Dogma Practice - Processes
The general flow of genetic information is diagrammed below. Think carefully about what type of molecule is
represented by each item in the diagram and clearly address each of the following.
A. Label each structure as mature mRNA, pre-mRNA, protein, or DNA.
B. Label each arrow to indicate which is processing, transcription, replication, and translation.
C. Identify the general location (on the appropriate molecule) of the promoter sequence and the terminator sequence.
D. Identify the specific location of the place where the start codon and stop codon function most directly.
E. Where does RNA polymerase bind to begin transcription?
F. Where specifically does the ribosome bind to begin translation-i.e., what are the ribosome binding sites and where
are they found?
G. Label each end of the mature mRNA and the polypeptide to correctly specify polarity. (You should use the labels 3',
5', C-terminus, and N-terminus.)
Chapter 1 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 1.1 - At which level of biological organization would...Ch. 1.3 - What is the relationship between biological...Ch. 1.3 - How does the concept of a tree of life differ from...Ch. 1.3 - Biologists sometimes say that the genome is the...Ch. 1.4 - Figure 1.10 The three domains of life. Two of...Ch. 1.4 - Why is it useful to place organisms into taxonomic...Ch. 1.5 - What is the purpose of a control group in...Ch. 1.5 - Explain how discovery-based science helped...Ch. 1.6 - Discuss the difference between discovery-based...Ch. 1.6 - What are the steps in the scientific method, also...
Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 3EQCh. 1.6 - Prob. 1CSCh. 1.6 - Core Skill: Modeling This modeling challenge asks...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is not a core concept of...Ch. 1 - Populations of organisms change over the course of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3TYCh. 1 - Which of the following is an example of horizontal...Ch. 1 - The scientific name for humans is Homo sapiens....Ch. 1 - The complete genetic makeup of an organism a....Ch. 1 - Prob. 7TYCh. 1 - Prob. 8TYCh. 1 - Prob. 9TYCh. 1 - What is the purpose of using a control group in a...Ch. 1 - Of the five core concepts of biology described in...Ch. 1 - Explain how it is possible for evolution to result...Ch. 1 - Prob. 3CQCh. 1 - Discuss whether or not you think that theories in...Ch. 1 - Prob. 2COQ
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- Molecular Biology (Biol-L211) Dr. Nole Central Dogma Practice - Processes The general flow of genetic information is diagrammed below. Think carefully about what type of molecule is represented by each item in the diagram and clearly address each of the following. A. Label each structure as mature mRNA, pre-mRNA, protein, or DNA. B. Label each arrow to indicate which is processing, transcription, replication, and translation. C. Identify the general location (on the appropriate molecule) of the promoter sequence and the terminator sequence. D. Identify the specific location of the place where the start codon and stop codon function most directly (i.e., which molecule is actually translated?). E. Where does RNA polymerase bind to begin transcription? F. Where specifically does the ribosome bind to begin translation-i.e., what are the ribosome binding sites (in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes) and where are they found? G. Label each end of the mature mRNA and the polypeptide to correctly…arrow_forwardInstructions: Express your own gene! (1) Make up a DNA sequence of at least 18nucleotides and then (2) show the mRNA sequence that will be made via transcription,(3) show the tRNAs that will base pair and deliver the amino acids, and (4) the aminoacid sequence of the resulting protein. You can use the single letter abbreviations forDNA and RNA nucleotides and the three-letter abbreviations for the amino acids.arrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion Which of the following statements regarding the structure and function of tRNA is true? A-The codon / anticodon pairing is absolutely universal among organism. B-The charging of a tRNA does not require energy. C-There are 64 different tRNAs, one for each possible codon. D-Reading 5' to 3', the first base in the anticodon can participate in non Watson and Crick base pairing E- The 3' end of each tRNA has a unique sequence so a specific amino acid can be attached.arrow_forward
- INSTRUCTION: = IF BOTH STATEMENT ARE TRUE = IF FIRST STATEMENT IS TRUE WHILE SECOND STATEMENT IS FALSE = IF FIRST STATEMENT IS FALSE WHILE SECOND STATEMENT IS TRUE = IF BOTH STATEMENTS ARE FALSE STAMENT 1: Amino acyl tRNA synthase is the enzyme responsible for joining amino acid together STAMENT 2: Nucleus is the part of the cell where translation takes place ANSWER: STAMENT 1: DNA sequences where RNA polymerase binds initially is called promoter sequences STAMENT 2: UV light causes adenine to dimerize ANSWER: STAMENT 1: Guanosine is the name of the compound formed when guanine is bonded to ribose STAMENT 2: DNA pairing is the term that refers to the process when two complementary and single stranded DNA combine ANSWER:arrow_forwardExample for a 10 AA peptide • act. of 10aa-tRNA: • initiation: elongation step 1: elongation step 3: termination:arrow_forwardQuestion:- What is the role of tRNA? To replace T with U when transcribing mRNA. To bind the ribosome and the mRNA chain together. To transcribe the DNA and move the mRNA chain out of the nucleus. To assure that the mRNA chain carries the correct code. To carry the correct amino acids to the ribosome.arrow_forward
- Learning Task 3: TRACE THE CODE dentify the amino acids coded for by the MRNA codon using the Genetic Code Table below. Order of bases in mRNA (codon) AUC Order or bases Order of bases Amino acid Coded in DNA in tRNA into Proteins TAG CAT GC СА UAC Methionine Valine Procedures: Copy and fill in the table Refer to the Genetic Code table to identify the amino acid. To determine the order of bases in the first column (DNA), second column 1. 2. 3. (codon) and third column (anticodon), consider the complementary base pairs in DNA adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. 4 Example, AUG using the Genetic Code Table. Look for the first letter of the MRNA codon on the left side of the genetic code table (A). The second letter of the MRNA on the second letter column (U) and the third letter on the right-side column (G). AUG codes for the amino acid methionine. To identify the amino acid. Look at the bases in the MRNA codon. 5. Do the same with the other codons in the chart.…arrow_forwardNeed help:.Diagram the small ribosome subunit scanning the 5’-UTR to initiate TL in a eukaryote. Show the Kozak consensus sequence and highlight the AUG where the ribosome will start TL.arrow_forwardSAY IT WITH DNA: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WORKSHEET: Practice Pays Having studied the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins, you should be ready to decode some DNA "secret" messages. To do this, you must follow the procedure of protein synthesis as this is taking place right now in your cells; no short cuts! Practice these steps by following and finishing the partially solved message below. STEP 1: "Build" the mRNA molecule, matching the RNA nucleotides to the DNA nucleotides properly, letter by letter. (For purposes of simplicity, it will be assumed that this mRNA is bacterial; there are no introns to cut out!) STEP 2: Figure out the tRNA triplets (codons) which would fit the mRNA triplets (letter by letter). STEP 3: Look up each tRNA codon in the tRNA Dictionary (below), and find the corresponding symbol and amino acid abbreviation for that codon. Record that one-letter symbol (and its amino acid) below each codon. "Spc" = "space". If you have done this correctly, the…arrow_forward
- Which statement BEST DESCRIBES the tRNA structure? Chooose from the options below. Amino acids bind to the 5′ end of the tRNA molecule. When a tRNA has an amino acid attached to it, it is considered to be a charged tRNA Synthetases are not important to tRNA Amino acids are linked to tRNAs with hydrogen bondsarrow_forwardUse this mRNA coding sequence as your starting point. This sequence begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon, so it is only looking at the region of DNA that directly encodes a protein sequence. 5’-AUGCACAAAUUAGAGUACCCCCCAGGAAGGUAG-3’ Make the following mutation in this sequence by changing/adding/removing only one nucleotide. Make the mutation easy to see (a different color, circled, something like that) A frameshift mutationarrow_forwardUse this mRNA coding sequence as your starting point. This sequence begins with a start codon and ends with a stop codon, so it is only looking at the region of DNA that directly encodes a protein sequence. 5’-AUGCACAAAUUAGAGUACCCCCCAGGAAGGUAG-3’ Make the following mutation in this sequence by changing/adding/removing only one nucleotide. Make the mutation easy to see (a different color, circled, something like that) A nonsense mutationarrow_forward
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