Chapter 16, Problem 18P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Location of ¹⁴C in fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

Introduction:

In the glycolysis process, glucose is catabolized to release energy. Glucose serves as the prime carbon source for the cells. Citric acid cycle is also involved with the release of energy.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Location of ¹⁴C in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

Introduction:

Glycolysis cycle starts from glucose which is a six carbon membered structure. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate gets converted into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. These structures are 3-carbon substances.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Location of ¹⁴C in phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).

Introduction:

Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate is obtained at the fourth step of glycolysis. Glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate further undergoes conversion into 1,3- bisphospho glycerate and eventually phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP) is obtained.

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Location of ¹⁴C in acetyl CoA.

Introduction:

Acetyl CoA is the compound which enters the citric acid cycle along with oxaloacetate. The first product of citric acid cycle is citrate. Citric acid cycle occurs in anaerobic conditions.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Location of ¹⁴C in citrate.

Introduction:

Citrate is the first product of citric acid cycle. Oxaloacetate combines with acetyl CoA in the presence of citrate synthase and produces citrate.

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Location of ¹⁴C in α-Ketoglutarate.

Introduction:

α-Ketoglutarate is obtained as the intermediate of the citric acid cycle. Isocitrate is obtained by the activity of aconitase on citrate. The obtained isocitrate is converted into α-Ketoglutarate in the presence of isocitrate dehydrogenase.

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Location of ¹⁴C in Oxaloacetate. 

Introduction:

Two molecules of pyruvate give rise to two molecules of oxaloacetate. Pyruvate carboxylase works on pyruvate to produce oxaloacetate. Pyruvate combines with bicarbonate to produce oxaloacetate.