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An ideal gas is contained in a vessel at 300 K. The temperature of the gas is then increased to 900 K. (i) By what factor does the average kinetic energy of the molecules change, (a) a factor of 9, (b) a factor of 3, (c) a factor of
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
- Two containers hold an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure. Both containers hold the same type of gas, but container B has twice the volume of container A. (i) What is the average translational kinetic energy per molecule in container B? (a) twice that of container A (b) the same as that of container A (c) half that of container A (d) impossible to determine (ii) From the same choices, describe the internal energy of the gas in container B.arrow_forwardCylinder A contains oxygen (O2) gas, and cylinder B contains nitrogen (N2) gas. If the molecules in the two cylinders have the same rms speeds, which of the following statements is false? (a) The two gases haw different temperatures. (b) The temperature of cylinder B is less than the temperature of cylinder A. (c) The temperature of cylinder B is greater than the temperature of cylinder A. (d) The average kinetic energy of the nitrogen molecules is less than the average kinetic energy of the oxygen molecules.arrow_forwardWhen a gas undergoes an adiabatic expansion, which of the following statements is true? (a) The temperature of the gas does not change. (b) No work is done by the gas. (c) No energy is transferred to the gas by heat. (d) The internal energy of the gas does not change. (e) The pressure increases.arrow_forward
- An ideal gas is contained in a vessel at 500 K. The temperature of the gas is then increased to 1500 K. (i) By what factor does the average kinetic energy of the molecules change? (ii) By what factor does the rms molecular speed of the molecules change? (iii) By what factor does the average momentum change that one molecule undergoes in a collision with one particular wall? (iv) By what factor does the rate of collisions of molecules with walls change? (v) By what factor does the pressure of the gas change?arrow_forward(a) An ideal gas occupies a volume of 2.6 cm at 20°C and atmospheric pressure. Determine the number of molecules of gas in the container. molecules (b) If the pressure of the 2.6-cm volume is reduced to 1.8 x 10-11 Pa (an extremely good vacuum) while the temperature remains constant, how many moles of gas remain in the container? molarrow_forwardA cylinder of cross-section area A is divided into two chambers 1 and 2, by means of a frictionless piston. The chambers initially have equal length L. Both chambers are filled with 1 mole of ideal gas, with initial pressures2P0 and P0, respectively. The piston is then allowed to slide freely, whereupon the gas in chamber 1 pushes the piston a distance l to equalize the pressure. Consider the following two cases:--(i) The outer walls of the chambers and the piston do not allow heat transfer. Denote the distance l as la in this case.--(ii) The piston does not allow heat transfer but the chambers are in contact with two heat reservoirs separately, at temperature T1 and T2 for chambers 1 and 2, respectively. Denote the distance l as ld in this case. Calculate the ratio la/ld? Does this ratio have a small or big value?arrow_forward
- (a) An ideal gas occupies a volume of 1.0 cm3 at 20°C and atmospheric pressure. Determine the number of molecules of gas in the container. (b) If the pressure of the 1.0-cmarrow_forwardThe temperature of 3.00 mol of an ideal diatomic gas is increased by 40.0 C without the pressure of the gas changing. The molecules in the gas rotate but do not oscillate. (a) How much energy is transferred to the gas as heat? (b) What is the change in the internal energy of the gas? (c) How much work is done by the gas? (d) By how much does the rotational kinetic energy of the gas increase?arrow_forward(a) How many molecules are present in a sample of an ideal gas that occupies a volume of 1.90 cm3, is at a temperature of 20°C, and is at atmospheric pressure? molecules (b) How many molecules of the gas are present if the volume and temperature are the same as in part (a), but the pressure is now 1.80 ✕ 10−11 Pa (an extremely good vacuum)? moleculesarrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning