Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321971944
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 105E
Since soap and detergent action is hindered by hard water, laundry formulations usually include water softeners-called builders-designed to remove hard water ions (especially ca2+ and Mg2+) from the water. A common builder used in North America is sodium carbonate. Suppose that the hard water used to do laundry contains 75 ppm CaCO3 and 55 ppm MgCO3 (by mass). What mass of Na2CO3 will remove 90.0% of these ions from 10.0 L of laundry water?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
1,2-Dichloroethane is a volatile organic compound that was once added to gasoline along with the
heavy metal lead. At many former gasoline storage sites, the unsaturated soil and groundwater are
still contaminated with 1,2-dichloroethane.
One of the concerns with volatile organic compounds in the unsaturated zone of soil is that
they can diffuse into buildings and contaminate the air. Calculate the concentration of 1,2-
dichloroethane in air that will result in a carcinogenic risk of 104, based on a breathing rate
of 11.3 m/d, exposure for 10 hours per day, and an inhalation PF of 9.1x102 kg•d/mg.
Express your answer in µg/m³.
А.
Calculate the concentration of 1,2-dichloroethane in groundwater that will result in a hazard
quotient of 1, based on drinking 2 L of water per day for a lifetime and an oral RfD of 0.012
mg/(kg d). Express your answer in ppb.
В.
Since soap and detergent action is hindered by hard water, laundry formulations usually include water softeners—called builders—designed to remove hard water ions (especially Ca2+ and Mg2+from the water. A common builder used in North America is sodium carbonate. Suppose that the hard water used to do laundry contains 75 ppm CaCO3 and 55 ppm MgCO3 (by mass). What mass of Na2CO3 will remove 90.0% of these ions from 10.0 L of laundry water?
Most carbonates are insoluble in water. Small concentrations of Mg2+ in tap water can react with
bicarbonate to create scale deposits inside of tea kettles.
a) Show the law of mass action for this interaction.
b) Where does the bicarbonate come from in this example?
c) Do you expect the solution to become slightly acidic, basic, or neutral due to this interaction?
d) How will the molar solubility of magnesium bicarbonate to change if you were to place it into
acidic conditions?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.1PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.1MPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.2PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.3PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.3MPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.4PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.4MPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.5PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.6PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.7P
Ch. 16 - For Practice 16.8 Calculate the molar solubility...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.9PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.10PCh. 16 - For Practice 16.11
Which compound, FeCO3 or...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.12PCh. 16 - For Practice 16.13
A 125.0-mL sample of solution...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 2SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 3SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 4SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 9SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 10SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 11SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 12SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 13SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 14SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 15SAQCh. 16 - Prob. 1ECh. 16 - Prob. 2ECh. 16 - Prob. 3ECh. 16 - Prob. 4ECh. 16 - 5. Calculate the percent ionization of a 0.15 M...Ch. 16 - 6. Calculate the percent ionization of a 0.13 M...Ch. 16 - Prob. 7ECh. 16 - Prob. 8ECh. 16 - Prob. 9ECh. 16 - Prob. 10ECh. 16 - Prob. 11ECh. 16 - Prob. 12ECh. 16 - Prob. 13ECh. 16 - Prob. 14ECh. 16 - Prob. 15ECh. 16 - Prob. 16ECh. 16 - Prob. 17ECh. 16 - Prob. 18ECh. 16 - Prob. 19ECh. 16 - Prob. 20ECh. 16 - Prob. 21ECh. 16 - 22. A 100.0-mL buffer solution is 0.175 M in HClO...Ch. 16 - Prob. 23ECh. 16 - Prob. 24ECh. 16 - Prob. 25ECh. 16 - Prob. 26ECh. 16 - Prob. 27ECh. 16 - Prob. 28ECh. 16 - Prob. 29ECh. 16 - Prob. 30ECh. 16 - Prob. 31ECh. 16 - Which buffer system is the best choice to create a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 33ECh. 16 - Prob. 34ECh. 16 - Prob. 35ECh. 16 - Prob. 36ECh. 16 - Prob. 37ECh. 16 - Prob. 38ECh. 16 - Prob. 39ECh. 16 - Prob. 40ECh. 16 - Prob. 41ECh. 16 - A 20.0-mL sample of 0.125 M HNO3 titrated with...Ch. 16 - Prob. 43ECh. 16 - Prob. 44ECh. 16 - Prob. 45ECh. 16 - Prob. 46ECh. 16 - Prob. 47ECh. 16 - Prob. 48ECh. 16 - Prob. 49ECh. 16 - Prob. 50ECh. 16 - Prob. 51ECh. 16 - Prob. 52ECh. 16 - Prob. 53ECh. 16 - Prob. 54ECh. 16 - Prob. 55ECh. 16 - Prob. 56ECh. 16 - Prob. 57ECh. 16 - Prob. 58ECh. 16 - Prob. 59ECh. 16 - Prob. 60ECh. 16 - Prob. 61ECh. 16 - Prob. 62ECh. 16 - Prob. 63ECh. 16 - Prob. 64ECh. 16 - Use the Kspvalue from Table 16.2 to calculate the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 66ECh. 16 - Prob. 67ECh. 16 - Calculate the molar solubility of MX (Ksp= 1.27 ...Ch. 16 - Prob. 69ECh. 16 - Calculate the solubility (in grams per 1.00102mL...Ch. 16 - Prob. 71ECh. 16 - Determine if each compound is more soluble in...Ch. 16 - Prob. 73ECh. 16 - Prob. 74ECh. 16 - Prob. 75ECh. 16 - 76. Predict whether or not a precipitate forms...Ch. 16 - Prob. 77ECh. 16 - Prob. 78ECh. 16 - Prob. 79ECh. 16 - Prob. 80ECh. 16 - Prob. 81ECh. 16 - Prob. 82ECh. 16 - Prob. 83ECh. 16 - Prob. 84ECh. 16 - Prob. 85ECh. 16 - Prob. 86ECh. 16 - Prob. 87ECh. 16 - Prob. 88ECh. 16 - Prob. 89ECh. 16 - Prob. 90ECh. 16 - Prob. 91ECh. 16 - Prob. 92ECh. 16 - One of the main components of hard water is CaCO3....Ch. 16 - Prob. 94ECh. 16 - Prob. 95ECh. 16 - Calculate the solubility of silver chloride ii a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 97ECh. 16 - Prob. 98ECh. 16 - Prob. 99ECh. 16 - Prob. 100ECh. 16 - What relative masses of demethyl amine and...Ch. 16 - Prob. 102ECh. 16 - Prob. 103ECh. 16 - Prob. 104ECh. 16 - Since soap and detergent action is hindered by...Ch. 16 - Prob. 106ECh. 16 - Prob. 107ECh. 16 - Determine the solubility of Cul in 0.40 M HCN...Ch. 16 - Prob. 109ECh. 16 - Prob. 110ECh. 16 - Prob. 111ECh. 16 - Prob. 112ECh. 16 - Prob. 113ECh. 16 - Prob. 114ECh. 16 - Prob. 115ECh. 16 - Prob. 116E
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A bottle of concentrated hydroiodic acid is 57% HI by weight and has a density of 1.70 g/mL. A solution of this strong and corrosive acid is made by adding exactly 10.0 mL to some water and diluting to 250.0 mL. If the information on the label is correct, what volume of 0.988 M NaOH is needed to neutralize the HI solution? Suggest an indicator for the titration.arrow_forwardSince soap and detergent action is hindered by hard water, laundry formulations usually include water softeners—called builders—designed to remove hard water ions (especially Ca2 +and Mg2 + ) from the water. A common builder used in North America is sodium carbonate. Suppose that the hard water used to do laundry contains 75 ppm CaCO3 and 55 ppm MgCO3 (by mass). What mass of Na2CO3 is required to remove 90.0% of these ions from 10.0 L of laundry water?arrow_forward5) Calculate the solubility of each of the following salts in moles per liter given their Ksp values. Ignore any acid-base properties.a. Ag3PO4, Ksp=1.8x10−18b. CaCO3, Ksp=8.7x10−9C) Calculate the solubility of the silver phosphate and the calcium carbonate in question 5 in grams/L.arrow_forward
- A 1.00 liter solution contains 0.58 moles hypochlorous acid and 0.45 moles sodium hypochlorite . If 0.22 moles of nitric acid are added to this system, indicate whether the following statements are true or false. (Assume that the volume does not change upon the addition of nitric acid.) VA. The number of moles of HCIO will remain the same. vB. The number of moles of CIO" will decrease. vC. The equilibrium concentration of H30+ will increase. D. The pH will remain the same. vE. The ratio of [HCIO] / [CIO¯] will remain the same.arrow_forwardVolume of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in the first titration (L) 10 mL Volume of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in the second titration (L) 10 mL Normality of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (N) 0.1 N Volume of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the first titration (L) 10 mL = ……..L Volume of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the second titration (L) 10 mL = ……..L Normality of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in the first titration (N) Normality of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in the secondtitration (N) Average normality of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) (N) Mass % of acetic acid (HC2H3O2) (%)arrow_forwardFor the H₂SO4 and NaOH titration, the endpoint is ideally reached when a green color is observed. If your solution ends up a very dark blue colour, you have over titrated. In this case, will your calculated concentration of H₂SO4 be lower or higher than the true value? Lower because more volume of H₂SO4 is being used to titrate the moles of NaOH. Higher because more volume of H₂SO4 is being used to titrate the moles of NaOH. Higher because more volume of NaOH is being used to titrate the moles of H₂SO4. No effect because the moles of H₂SO4 titrated does not change. Lower because more volume of NaOH is being used to titrate the moles of H₂SO4.arrow_forward
- Determine the molar concentrations of Ca2+ and CI- in a 0.38 M calcium chloride solution. 1) 0.38 M Ca2+ and 0.38 M CI- O 2) 00.19 M Ca2+ and 0.38 M CI- 3) 0.38 M Ca2+ and 0.76 M CI- 4) 0.19 M Ca2+ and 0.76 M CI- O 5) None of the abovearrow_forwardThis question is about acid base titration: Osama a student, performed an acid base titration involving a standard solution of Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) (RMM = 40) against unknown HCl solution and obtained the following results. Mass of Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissolved in 250 ml volumetric flask = 3.6 g 2.Volume of Sodium hydroxide used in the titration = 23 ml 3.The mean volume of HCl titrated with 25 ml Sodium…arrow_forwardConsider an analyte solution of 50.0mL of 0.050M hydrochloric acid, HCl, titrated against 0.10 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH (the titration you will be performing in the lab!). (d) After adding 12.50mL of the NaOH, halfway to the equivalence point, what ions or molecules are present in the solution? (e) At the equivalence point, after adding 25.00mL of NaOH, what ions or molecules are present in the solution? (f) Which of the species you identified in part (e) will determine the pH of the solution? (g) After adding 37.50mL of the NaOH, 50% past the equivalence point, what ions or molecules are present in the solution? (h) Which of the species you identified in part (g) will determine the pH of the solution?arrow_forward
- The KHP titer of NaOH is 40.84mg/mL. Determine total acidity if 18.00mL of NaOH is required to titrate 5.00mL vinegar sample. Give the chemical reactions involved.arrow_forwardA 1.00 liter solution contains 0.48 M ammonia and 0.37 M ammonium iodide. If 0.18 moles of hydrobromic acid are added to this system, indicate whether the following statements are true or false. (Assume that the volume does not change upon the addition of hydrobromic acid.) A. The number of moles of NH3 will decrease. B. The number of moles of NH4+ will decrease. C. The equilibrium concentration of H3O+ will decrease. D. The pH will remain the same. E. The ratio of [NH3] / [NH4+] will decrease.arrow_forward1. Create a set of rules for determining which anions and cations will react with water (Hydrolyze) and which won't. Then write another set of rules to describe what happens when a cation reacts with water, and what happens when an anion reacts with water. 2. What is the pH of a solution made by dissolving 8.50 g of potassium formate, KCHO2, in 500.0 mž of 0.100M formic acid, HCHO2. State any assumptions you need to make to answer this question.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry | Acids & Bases; Author: Ninja Nerd;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOr_5tbgfQ0;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY