Organic Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305580350
Author: William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 15.1, Problem 15.2P
Recalling the reactions of alcohols from Chapter 10, show how to synthesize each compound from an organohalogen compound and an oxirane, followed by a transformation of the resulting hydroxyl group to the desired oxygen-containing
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Prepare the following compounds starting from benzaldehyde and the appropriate ketone. Provide reactions for preparing the ketones starting from aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.
Aldehydes and ketones react with one molecule of an alcohol to form compounds called hemiacetals, in which there is one hydroxyl group and one ether-like group. Reaction of a hemiacetal with a second
molecule of alcohol gives an acetal and a molecule of water.
ROH, H+
OH
OR
Aldehyde/ketone
Alcohol
ROH, H+
Draw the structural formulas for the hemiacetal and the acetal formed between the following compounds:
OH
OH
OR
OR
• Use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists.
+ H₂O
Hydration of aldehydes and ketones can be catalyzed by acid
or base. Bases catalyze hydration by:
protonating the carbonyl oxygen
making the carbonyl group more electrophilic
employing hydroxide ion, which is a better nucleophile than water
making the carbonyl group less electrophilic
shifting the equilibrium position of the reaction to favor products
Chapter 15 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 15.1 - Explain how these Grignard reagents would react...Ch. 15.1 - Recalling the reactions of alcohols from Chapter...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.3PCh. 15.2 - Show how to prepare each Gilman reagent in Example...Ch. 15.2 - Predict the product of the following reaction.Ch. 15.2 - Show how the following compound could be prepared...Ch. 15 - Complete these reactions involving lithium...Ch. 15 - Show how to convert 1-bromopentane to each of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.9PCh. 15 - Show how to prepare each compound from the given...
Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.11PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.12PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.13PCh. 15 - Show how the following compound can be prepared in...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.15PCh. 15 - Show how spiro[2.2]pentane can be prepared in one...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.17PCh. 15 - Prob. 15.18PCh. 15 - We now continue the introduction of organic...Ch. 15 - Write the products of the following sequences of...Ch. 15 - Using your old and new reaction roadmaps as a...Ch. 15 - Using your old and new reaction roadmaps as a...Ch. 15 - Using your old and new reaction roadmaps as a...Ch. 15 - Using your old and new reaction roadmaps as a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.25PCh. 15 - Gilman reagents are versatile reagents for making...
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- Following is the structural formula of the tranquilizer meparfynol (Oblivon). Propose a synthesis for this compound starting with acetylene and a ketone. (Notice the -yn- and -ol in the chemical name of this compound, indicating that it contains alkyne and hydroxyl functional groups.)arrow_forwardA synthetic organic molecule, G, which contains both aldehyde and ether functional groups, is subjected to a series of reactions in a multi-step synthesis pathway. In the first step, G undergoes a Wittig reaction, leading to the formation of an alkene, H. Subsequently, H is treated with an ozone (O3) reagent followed by a reducing agent in an ozonolysis reaction, resulting in the formation of two different products, I and J. Considering the functional groups present in G and the nature of the reactions involved, what are the most probable structures or functional groups present in products I and J? A. I contains a carboxylic acid group, and J contains an aldehyde group. B. I contains a ketone group, and J contains an alcohol group. C. I and J both contain aldehyde groups. D. I contains an ester group, and J contains a ketone group. Don't use chat gpt.arrow_forwardb) The Wolf-Kishner reduction is a reaction used in Organic Chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene group. The reaction was used to convert an aldehyde or ketone to an alkane using hydrazine, base and thermal conditions. The mechanism begins with the attack of hydrazine of the aldehyde or ketone. Stage 1: The reaction of aldehyde/ketone with hydrazine to produce hydrazine Stage 2: Reaction with the base and heat to convert hydrozone to alkane Write the mechanism of the reaction.arrow_forward
- Give the systematic (IUPAC) names for these molecules. Boononon cnolonongron. НаСНз CHОССH2СH2СНCHЗ CH3 phenyl propanoate |4-methyl pentane methanoat Incorrect. You mixed up the acyl and alkoxy portions of the molecule. Name the alkoxy part first, followed by the acyl part.arrow_forwardFollowing is the structural formula of the tranquilizer meparfynol (Oblivon). Oblivon HO Propose a synthesis for this compound starting with acetylene and a ketone. (Notice the -yn- and -ol in the chemical name of this compound, indicating that it contains al- kyne and hydroxyl functional groups.)arrow_forward4-pyranone will readily undergo an acid-base reaction. Identify the reaction conditions that will result in the formation of an aromatic product. Then, draw the aromatic resonance product structure. Include all lone pairs in your structure. Ignore inorganic byproducts. H3O+arrow_forward
- Show how to convert alkenes, alkyl halides, and carbonyl compounds to alcohols.arrow_forwardA postgraduate student wanted to synthesized two carbonyl compounds known as compounds M and N using oxidation of alcohol. However, these carbonyl compounds should have more than 6 carbon atoms. Draw two (2) possible structural formulae for compounds M and N. How would you distinguish between compounds M and N?arrow_forwardWhat explains why many aldehydes and ketones can undergo self-condensation reactions in basic conditions? The alpha carbon can lose a proton and act like a nucleophile and the carbonyl carbon is an electrophile. The alpha carbon can gain a proton and act like an electrophile and the carbonyl carbon is a nucleophile. The oxygen of the carbonyl group can attack the carbon of the carbonyl group. Only esters can undergo self-condensation reactions.arrow_forward
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