Chemistry: Structure and Properties
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780321834683
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 64E
The rate constant (k) for a reaction is measured as a function of temperature. A plot of ln k versus 1/T (in K) is linear and has a slope of
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Chemistry: Structure and Properties
Ch. 15 - This graph shows the concentration of the reactant...Ch. 15 - Prob. 2SAQCh. 15 - Prob. 3SAQCh. 15 - Prob. 4SAQCh. 15 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 15 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 15 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 15 - Prob. 8SAQCh. 15 - The rate constant of a reaction is measured at...Ch. 15 - Prob. 10SAQ
Ch. 15 - The mechanism shown here is proposed for the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 12SAQCh. 15 - These images represent the first-order reaction AB...Ch. 15 - Prob. 14SAQCh. 15 - Prob. 15SAQCh. 15 - Explain why lizards become sluggish in cold...Ch. 15 - Why are reaction rates important (both practically...Ch. 15 - Using the idea that reactions occur as a result of...Ch. 15 - Using the idea that reactions occur as a result of...Ch. 15 - What units are typically used to express the rate...Ch. 15 - Why is the reaction rate for reactants defined as...Ch. 15 - Explain the difference between the average rate of...Ch. 15 - Consider a simple reaction in which a reactant A...Ch. 15 - How is the order of a reaction generally...Ch. 15 - For a reaction with multiple reactants, how is the...Ch. 15 - Explain the difference between the rate law for a...Ch. 15 - Write integrated rate laws for zero-order,...Ch. 15 - What does the term half-life mean? Write the...Ch. 15 - How do reaction rates typically depend on...Ch. 15 - Prob. 15ECh. 15 - What is an Arrhenius plot? Explain the...Ch. 15 - Explain the meaning of the orientation factor in...Ch. 15 - Explain the difference between a normal chemical...Ch. 15 - In a reaction mechanism, what is an elementary...Ch. 15 - What are the two requirements for a proposed...Ch. 15 - What is an intermediate within a reaction...Ch. 15 - What is a catalyst? How does a catalyst increase...Ch. 15 - Explain the difference between homogeneous...Ch. 15 - What are the four basic steps involved in...Ch. 15 - What are enzymes? What is the active site of an...Ch. 15 - What is the general two-step mechanism by which...Ch. 15 - Consider the reaction. 2HBr(g)H2(g)+Br2(g) Express...Ch. 15 - Consider the reaction 2N2O(g)2N2(g)+O2(g) Express...Ch. 15 - For the reaction 2A(g)+B(g)3C(g) determine the...Ch. 15 - For the reaction A(g)+12B(g)2C(g) determine the...Ch. 15 - Consider the reaction. Cl2(g)+3F2(g)2ClF3(g)...Ch. 15 - Consider the reaction. 8H2S(g)+4O2(g)8H2O(g)+S8(g)...Ch. 15 - Consider the reaction: C4H8(g)2C2H4(g) The...Ch. 15 - Consider the reaction: NO2(g)NO(g)+12O2(g) The...Ch. 15 - Consider the reaction. H2(g)+Br2(g)2HBr(g) The...Ch. 15 - Consider the reaction. 2H2O2(aq)2H2O(l)+O2(g) The...Ch. 15 - This graph shows a plot of the rate of a reaction...Ch. 15 - This graph shows a plot of the rate of a reaction...Ch. 15 - What are the units of k for each type of reaction?...Ch. 15 - This reaction is first order in N2O5:...Ch. 15 - A reaction in which A, B, and C react to form...Ch. 15 - A reaction in which A, B, and C react to form...Ch. 15 - Consider the tabulated data showing initial rate...Ch. 15 - Consider the tabulated data showing initial rate...Ch. 15 - The tabulated data were collected for this...Ch. 15 - The tabulated data were collected for this...Ch. 15 - Indicate the order of reaction consistent with...Ch. 15 - Indicate the order of reaction consistent with...Ch. 15 - The tabulated data show the concentration of AB...Ch. 15 - The tabulated data show the concentration of N2O5...Ch. 15 - The tabulated data show the concentration of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 52ECh. 15 - This reaction was monitored as a function of time:...Ch. 15 - This reaction was monitored as a function of time:...Ch. 15 - Prob. 55ECh. 15 - Prob. 56ECh. 15 - Prob. 57ECh. 15 - Prob. 58ECh. 15 - The diagram shows the energy of a reaction as the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 60ECh. 15 - Prob. 61ECh. 15 - Prob. 62ECh. 15 - Prob. 63ECh. 15 - The rate constant (k) for a reaction is measured...Ch. 15 - The tabulated data shown here were collected for...Ch. 15 - Prob. 66ECh. 15 - The tabulated data were collected for the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 68ECh. 15 - A reaction has a rate constant of 0.0117/s at...Ch. 15 - A reaction has a rate constant of 0.000122/s at...Ch. 15 - Prob. 71ECh. 15 - Prob. 72ECh. 15 - Prob. 73ECh. 15 - Prob. 74ECh. 15 - Prob. 75ECh. 15 - Prob. 76ECh. 15 - Consider this three-step mechanism for a...Ch. 15 - Prob. 78ECh. 15 - Prob. 79ECh. 15 - Prob. 80ECh. 15 - Suppose that a catalyst lowers the activation...Ch. 15 - The activation barrier for the hydrolysis of...Ch. 15 - The tabulated data were collected for this...Ch. 15 - Prob. 84ECh. 15 - Consider the reaction: A+B+CD The rate law for...Ch. 15 - Consider the reaction: 2O3(g)3O2(g) The rate law...Ch. 15 - At 700 K acetaldehyde decomposes in the gas phase...Ch. 15 - Prob. 88ECh. 15 - Dinitrogen pentoxide decomposes in the gas phase...Ch. 15 - Cyclopropane (C3H6) reacts to form propene (C3H6)...Ch. 15 - Iodine atoms combine to form I2 in liquid hexane...Ch. 15 - Prob. 92ECh. 15 - The reaction AB(aq)A(g)+B(g) is second order in AB...Ch. 15 - The reaction 2H2O2(aq)2H2O(l)+O2(g) is first order...Ch. 15 - Consider this energy diagram: a. How many...Ch. 15 - Consider the reaction in which HCI adds across the...Ch. 15 - The desorption of a single molecular layer of...Ch. 15 - The evaporation of a 120-nm film of n-pentane from...Ch. 15 - Prob. 99ECh. 15 - Prob. 100ECh. 15 - Prob. 101ECh. 15 - Consider the two reactions: O+N2NO+NEa= 315 kJ/mol...Ch. 15 - Anthropologists can estimate the age of a bone or...Ch. 15 - Prob. 104ECh. 15 - Consider the gas-phase reaction: H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g)...Ch. 15 - Consider the reaction:...Ch. 15 - Prob. 107ECh. 15 - Prob. 108ECh. 15 - A certain substance X decomposes. Fifty percent of...Ch. 15 - Prob. 110ECh. 15 - Prob. 111ECh. 15 - Prob. 112ECh. 15 - Prob. 113ECh. 15 - Prob. 114ECh. 15 - Prob. 115ECh. 15 - Prob. 116ECh. 15 - Phosgene (Cl2CO), a poison gas used in World War...Ch. 15 - The rate of decomposition of N2O3(g) to NO2(g) and...Ch. 15 - At 473 K, for the elementary reaction...Ch. 15 - Prob. 120ECh. 15 - Prob. 121ECh. 15 - A particular reaction, Aproducts has a rate that...
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- One of the concerns about the use of Freons is that they will migrate to the upper atmosphere, where chlorine atoms can be generated by the following reaction: CCl2F2(g)Freon-12hvCF2Cl(g)+Cl(g) Chlorine atoms can act as a catalyst for the destruction of ozone. The activation energy for the reaction Cl(g) + O3(g) ClO(g) + O2(g) Is 2.1 kJ/mol. Which is the more effective catalyst for the destruction of ozone, Cl or NO? (See Exercise 75.)arrow_forwardIn Chapter 3, we discussed the conversion of biomass into biofuels. One important area of research associated with biofuels is the identification and development of suitable catalysts to increase the rate at which fuels can be produced. Do a web search to find an article describing biofuel catalysts. Then, write one or two sentences describing the reactions being catalyzed, and identify the catalyst as homogeneous or heterogeneous.arrow_forwardExperimental values for the temperature dependence of the rate constant for the gas-phase reaction NO+O3NO2+O2 are as follows T(K) k (L/mol s) 195 1.08 109 230. 2.95 109 260. 5.42 109 298 12.0 109 369 35.5 109 Make the appropriate graph using these data, and determine the activation energy for this reaction.arrow_forward
- Account for the relationship between the rate of a reaction and its activation energy.arrow_forwardThe following rate constants were obtained in an experiment in which the decomposition of gaseous N2O; was studied as a function of temperature. The products were NO, and NO,. Temperature (K) 3.5 x 10_i 298 2.2 x 10"4 308 6.8 X IO-4 318 3.1 x 10 1 328 Determine Etfor this reaction in kj/mol.arrow_forwardThe reaction NO(g) + O,(g) — NO,(g) + 0(g) plays a role in the formation of nitrogen dioxide in automobile engines. Suppose that a series of experiments measured the rate of this reaction at 500 K and produced the following data; [NO] (mol L ’) [OJ (mol L 1) Rate = -A[NO]/Af (mol L_1 s-1) 0.002 0.005 8.0 X 10"'7 0.002 0.010 1.6 X 10-'6 0.006 0.005 2.4 X IO-'6 Derive a rate law for the reaction and determine the value of the rate constant.arrow_forward
- The element Co exists in two oxidation states, Co(II) and Co(III), and the ions form many complexes. The rate at which one of the complexes of Co(III) was reduced by Fe(II) in water was measured. Determine the activation energy of the reaction from the following data: T(K) k (s-1) 293 0.054 298 0.100arrow_forward(Section 11-5) A rule of thumb is that for a typical reaction, if concentrations are unchanged, a 10-K rise in temperature increases the reaction rate by two to four times. Use an average increase of three times to answer the questions below. (a) What is the approximate activation energy of a typical chemical reaction at 298 K? (b) If a catalyst increases a chemical reactions rate by providing a mechanism that has a lower activation energy, then what change do you expect a 10-K increase in temperature to make in the rate of a reaction whose uncatalyzed activation energy of 75 kJ/mol has been lowered to one half this value (at 298 K) by addition of a catalyst?arrow_forwardSubstances that poison a catalyst pose a major concern for many engineering designs, including those for catalytic converters. One design option is to add materials that react with potential poisons before they reach the catalyst. Among the commonly encountered catalyst poisons are silicon and phosphorus, which typically form phosphate or silicate ions in the oxidizing environment of an engine. Group 2 elements are added to the catalyst to react with these contaminants before they reach the working portion of the catalytic converter. If estimates show that a catalytic converter will be exposed to 625 g of silicon during its lifetime, what mass of beryllium would need to be included in the design?arrow_forward
- Bacteria cause milk to go sour by generating lactic acid. Devise an experiment that could measure the activation energy for the production of lactic acid by bacteria in milk. Describe how your experiment will provide the information you need to determine this value. What assumptions must be made about this reaction?arrow_forwardThe direct reaction of iron(III) oxide. Fe2O3, to give iron and oxygen gas is a nonspontaneous reaction; normally, iron combines with oxygen to give rust (the oxide). Yet we do change iron(III) oxide, as iron ore, into iron metal. How is this possible? Explain.arrow_forward. Suppose that for the reaction 2N2O(g)+O2(g)4NO((g))it is determined, at a particular temperature, that the equilibrium concentrations arc [NO(g)]=0.00341M,[N2O(g)]=0.0293M, and [O2(g)]=0.0325M. Calculate the value of K for the reaction at this temperature.arrow_forward
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