(a) Interpretation: Which of the two spectra in Your Turn 15.17 most likely corresponds to nitrile, is to be explained. Concept introduction: IR spectroscopy enables us to identify different functional groups in the molecule. One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C ≡ C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100 − 2260 cm − 1 and for C ≡ N bond appears sharp band in the range of 2210 − 2260 cm − 1 . So, they both appear nearly in the same region. The presence of any of these two functional can be determined based on their relative absorption intensities. The nitrile RC ≡ N stretches have moderate absorption intensities due to large bond dipole whereas alkyne RC ≡ CR stretches have weak absorption intensities due to small bond dipole.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.24P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Which of the two spectra in Your Turn 15.17 most likely corresponds to nitrile, is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

IR spectroscopy enables us to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C≡C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100−2260 cm−1 and for C≡N bond appears sharp band in the range of 2210−2260 cm−1. So, they both appear nearly in the same region. The presence of any of these two functional can be determined based on their relative absorption intensities. The nitrile RC≡N stretches have moderate absorption intensities due to large bond dipole whereas alkyne RC≡CR stretches have weak absorption intensities due to small bond dipole.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The alkyne most likely internal or terminal in the two spectra given in your turn 15.17, it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

IR spectroscopy enables to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C≡C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100−2260 cm−1. The presence of terminal alkyne can be determined based on alkyne C−H peak around ∼3300 cm−1.

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Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. Select to Edit Arrows H H Select to Add Arrows > H CFCI: Select to Edit Arrows H Select to Edit Arrows

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.24P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Which of the two spectra in Your Turn 15.17 most likely corresponds to nitrile, is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

IR spectroscopy enables us to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C≡C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100−2260 cm−1 and for C≡N bond appears sharp band in the range of 2210−2260 cm−1. So, they both appear nearly in the same region. The presence of any of these two functional can be determined based on their relative absorption intensities. The nitrile RC≡N stretches have moderate absorption intensities due to large bond dipole whereas alkyne RC≡CR stretches have weak absorption intensities due to small bond dipole.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The alkyne most likely internal or terminal in the two spectra given in your turn 15.17, it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

IR spectroscopy enables to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C≡C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100−2260 cm−1. The presence of terminal alkyne can be determined based on alkyne C−H peak around ∼3300 cm−1.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.24P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Which of the two spectra in Your Turn 15.17 most likely corresponds to nitrile, is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

IR spectroscopy enables us to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C≡C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100−2260 cm−1 and for C≡N bond appears sharp band in the range of 2210−2260 cm−1. So, they both appear nearly in the same region. The presence of any of these two functional can be determined based on their relative absorption intensities. The nitrile RC≡N stretches have moderate absorption intensities due to large bond dipole whereas alkyne RC≡CR stretches have weak absorption intensities due to small bond dipole.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The alkyne most likely internal or terminal in the two spectra given in your turn 15.17, it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

IR spectroscopy enables to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C≡C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100−2260 cm−1. The presence of terminal alkyne can be determined based on alkyne C−H peak around ∼3300 cm−1.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 15.24P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Which of the two spectra in Your Turn 15.17 most likely corresponds to nitrile, is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

IR spectroscopy enables us to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C≡C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100−2260 cm−1 and for C≡N bond appears sharp band in the range of 2210−2260 cm−1. So, they both appear nearly in the same region. The presence of any of these two functional can be determined based on their relative absorption intensities. The nitrile RC≡N stretches have moderate absorption intensities due to large bond dipole whereas alkyne RC≡CR stretches have weak absorption intensities due to small bond dipole.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The alkyne most likely internal or terminal in the two spectra given in your turn 15.17, it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

IR spectroscopy enables to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C≡C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100−2260 cm−1. The presence of terminal alkyne can be determined based on alkyne C−H peak around ∼3300 cm−1.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 15.24P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Which of the two spectra in Your Turn 15.17 most likely corresponds to nitrile, is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

IR spectroscopy enables us to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C≡C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100−2260 cm−1 and for C≡N bond appears sharp band in the range of 2210−2260 cm−1. So, they both appear nearly in the same region. The presence of any of these two functional can be determined based on their relative absorption intensities. The nitrile RC≡N stretches have moderate absorption intensities due to large bond dipole whereas alkyne RC≡CR stretches have weak absorption intensities due to small bond dipole.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The alkyne most likely internal or terminal in the two spectra given in your turn 15.17, it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

IR spectroscopy enables to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C≡C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100−2260 cm−1. The presence of terminal alkyne can be determined based on alkyne C−H peak around ∼3300 cm−1.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 15.24P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Which of the two spectra in Your Turn 15.17 most likely corresponds to nitrile, is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

IR spectroscopy enables us to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C≡C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100−2260 cm−1 and for C≡N bond appears sharp band in the range of 2210−2260 cm−1. So, they both appear nearly in the same region. The presence of any of these two functional can be determined based on their relative absorption intensities. The nitrile RC≡N stretches have moderate absorption intensities due to large bond dipole whereas alkyne RC≡CR stretches have weak absorption intensities due to small bond dipole.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 15.24P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Which of the two spectra in Your Turn 15.17 most likely corresponds to nitrile, is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

IR spectroscopy enables us to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C≡C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100−2260 cm−1 and for C≡N bond appears sharp band in the range of 2210−2260 cm−1. So, they both appear nearly in the same region. The presence of any of these two functional can be determined based on their relative absorption intensities. The nitrile RC≡N stretches have moderate absorption intensities due to large bond dipole whereas alkyne RC≡CR stretches have weak absorption intensities due to small bond dipole.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The alkyne most likely internal or terminal in the two spectra given in your turn 15.17, it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

IR spectroscopy enables to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C≡C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100−2260 cm−1. The presence of terminal alkyne can be determined based on alkyne C−H peak around ∼3300 cm−1.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The alkyne most likely internal or terminal in the two spectra given in your turn 15.17, it is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

IR spectroscopy enables to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

One of the greatest advantages of IR spectroscopy is that the frequency of a particular type of vibration is typically found within a characteristic range of frequencies, regardless of the functional group with which the vibration is associated. The fact that absorptions by certain vibrations appear with characteristic frequency ranges enables us to use IR spectroscopy to obtain structural information about a molecule. The absorption band for C≡C bond appears as a sharp band in the range of 2100−2260 cm−1. The presence of terminal alkyne can be determined based on alkyne C−H peak around ∼3300 cm−1.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 13

Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.1P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.2P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.3P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.4P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.5P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.6P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.7P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.8P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.9P Ch. 15 - Prob. 15.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that IR spectroscopy enables us to identify different functional groups in the molecule.

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