Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134553511
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 14.2, Problem 3QC
Which neurotransmitter(s) is (are) released by sympathetic preganglionic neurons? Which are released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons?
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Describe the sympathetic vasomotor tone: its origin, the neurotransmitter and receptor responsible for the effect. What is the physiological significance of the sympathetic tone?
A)The following structure in the figure is the cell body of a post-ganglionic parasympathetic neurone: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O
B) The following structure in the figure is the cell body of a pre-ganglionic sympathetic neurone: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O
C) The following structure in the figure is the cell body of a general somatic efferent neurone: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O
Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionicneurons located?
Chapter 14 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology (2nd Edition)
Ch. 14.1 - What are the basic functions of the ANS?Ch. 14.1 - 2. What are autonomic ganglia?
Ch. 14.1 - How do somatic motor neurons and autonomic neurons...Ch. 14.1 - 4. What are preganglionic and postganglionic...Ch. 14.1 - What are the two divisions of the ANS?Ch. 14.1 - How are the two divisions of the ANS alike, and...Ch. 14.2 - 1. Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic...Ch. 14.2 - Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic...Ch. 14.2 - Which neurotransmitter(s) is (are) released by...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 4QC
Ch. 14.2 - Describe the effects of the sympathetic nervous...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 6QCCh. 14.3 - What is the basic function of the parasympathetic...Ch. 14.3 - Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell...Ch. 14.3 - How does the arrangement of neurons in the...Ch. 14.3 - 4. Which neurotransmitter is released by all...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 5QCCh. 14.3 - Prob. 6QCCh. 14.3 - Summarize the effects of the parasympathetic...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1QCCh. 14.4 - Prob. 2QCCh. 14.4 - 3. What is autonomic tone?
Ch. 14.4 - How does the CNS mediate control over the ANS?Ch. 14 - Which of the following best describes the basic...Ch. 14 - 2. Fill in the blanks: The sympathetic nervous...Ch. 14 - 3. Sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse:
a....Ch. 14 - Differentiate between adrenergic and cholinergic...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5CYRCh. 14 - Explain what happens when sympathetic neurons...Ch. 14 - Prob. 7CYRCh. 14 - Mark each of the following as an effect of the...Ch. 14 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 14 - 10. Fill in the blanks: _______receptors are...Ch. 14 - Parasympathetic ganglia are typically: a. located...Ch. 14 - Central nervous system control over the ANS is...Ch. 14 - 1. Using 20 or fewer words, define each of the...Ch. 14 - You are running a race to the top of a mountain....Ch. 14 - 3. Describe all the changes initiated by the...Ch. 14 - 1. Which cranial nerves would be affected by a...Ch. 14 - 2. A patient, Dr. Young, has both asthma and high...Ch. 14 - Mr. Chevalier has been diagnosed with Horner...Ch. 14 - Many chemical warfare agents, such as the...
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- From what structure are epinephrine and norepinephrinereleased following sympathetic stimulation?arrow_forwardIn general terms, where are the cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons that innervate the head? Where are the cell bodies of postganglionic parasympathetic neurons innervated by the vagus nerve?arrow_forwardWhat type of synaptic potential (if any; be sure to indicate if any modification is occurring as well) would occur if: a.) An MAO inhibitor type of antidepressant is functioning at an active dopaminergic synapse that increases the rate of sodium flowing into the cell. b.) Prozac is present at an active serotonin synapse where receptor activation increases the flow of potassium out of the cell.arrow_forward
- Discuss the concept of termination of neurotransmitter action by comparing the mechanisms by which acetylcholine and nitric oxide's actions are terminated. (a) Name the three primary mediators of purinergic receptors. (b) Which one of these mediators is sometimes used to treat supraventricular tachycardia? (c) Explain why the drug in (b) is considered safer than verapamil in the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia?arrow_forwardWhat is the function of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors?arrow_forwardA target effector, such as the heart, receives input from the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. What is the actual difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions at the level of those connections (i.e., at the synapse)? Why does smoking increase the risk of heart disease? Provide two reasons based on autonomic function.arrow_forward
- In the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, there are two cholinergic synapses (synapses mediated by acetylcholine) on the way to the target tissue. The first synapse is in the autonomic ganglion (from the "preganglionic neuron"), and is always mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NACHRS). The second synapse (from the "postganglionic neuron") is on the target cell, and is mediated by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). B. One of these synapses produces a long-lasting hyperpolarization of its target cell. Which synapse, and why?arrow_forwardIn the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, there are two cholinergic synapses (synapses mediated by acetylcholine) on the way to the target tissue. The first synapse is in the autonomic ganglion (from the "preganglionic neuron"), and is always mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NACHRS). The second synapse (from the "postganglionic neuron") is on the target cell, and is mediated by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). C. Which synapse is expected to be blocked by removal of Ca2+ from the external solution?arrow_forwardIn the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system, there are two cholinergic synapses (synapses mediated by acetylcholine) on the way to the target tissue. The first synapse is in the autonomic ganglion (from the "preganglionic neuron"), and is always mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NACHRS). The second synapse (from the "postganglionic neuron") is on the target cell, and is mediated by muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). A. Which of these synapses is expected to always produce a rapid depolarization of the postsynaptic cell? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Which statement is true regarding the neuron synapse? A) the preganglion and post ganglionic Neurons physically touch B) a neuronal synapse consists of dendrites on a peeganglionic neuron and the axon terminal is a postganglionic neuron C) binding of a neurotransmitter on a post ganglionic neuron always generates an action perennial D) neurotransmitters can be degraded by enzymes within the synaptic cleft to terminate its effectarrow_forwardNervous system functions that directly employ acetylcholine neurotransmitters are referred to as cholinergic. Drugs that might be therapeutic in treating the symptoms of dopamine loss in Parkinson’s disease could include multiple choice 1 dopaminergic agonists and cholinergic antagonists. dopaminergic antagonists and cholinergic antagonists. dopaminergic antagonists and cholinergic agonists. dopaminergic agonists and cholinergic agonists. 2. From the information provided, drugs used to treat Parkinson’s disease symptoms will act at which location? multiple choice 2 The globus pallidus The substantia nigra The striatum 3. Which of the following might be therapeutic in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease symptoms? multiple choice 3 all of these choices listed may be therapeutic increasing dopamine receptor responsiveness monoamine oxidase inhibition increasing dopamine release decreasing dopamine…arrow_forwardCompare the primary mechanisms used by the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions to clear or remove neurotransmitters? In other words, how do they terminate their neurotransmitter activity? How do they differ from each other? Question #2 Barbra Streisand, age 79, has asthma. We are considering an adrenergic drug for treatment. For Ms. Streisand, what are the drug advantages and diadvantages associciated with the use of ephedrine isoproterenol metaproterenol albuterol terbutaline Would her age be a factor in selecting the best drug? Explain. Question #3 Steven Seagal, age 69, has hypertension and asthma. We are considering treating him with an adrenergic blocker. What are the advantages and disadvantages for each of the drugs below to treat high blood pressure? doxazosin prazosin propranolol metoprolol atenolol acebutolol What needs to be included when teaching individuals suffering from high blood pressure about the use of an adrenergic blocker?arrow_forward
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