Microeconomics (2nd Edition) (Pearson Series in Economics)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134492049
Author: Daron Acemoglu, David Laibson, John List
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 14, Problem 6P
(a)
To determine
Advertising becomes a dominant strategy for both Smith and Jones.
(b)
To determine
Stance of the cigarette selling companies regarding ban of cigarette advertising.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Tobacco companies have often argued that they advertise to attract more existing smokers and not to
persuade more people to smoke. Suppose there were just two cigarette manufacturers, Jones and
Smith. Each can either advertise or not advertise. If neither advertises, they each capture 50 percent of
the market and each earns $10 million. If they both advertise, they again split the market evenly, but
each spends $2million on ads and so each earns just $8million (remember, advertising is not supposed
to encourage more people to smoke). If one company advertises but the other does not, then the
company that advertises attracts many of its rival's customers. As a result, the company that advertises
earns $12 million and the company that does not earns just $6 million.
Advertise
Don't Advertise
Smith: 8
Smith: 6
Advertise
Jones: 8
Jones: 12
Jones
Smith: 12
Smith: 10
Don't Advertise
Jones: 6
Jones: 10
What is each firm's dominant strategy?
Both firms' dominant strategy is to advertise.
Both…
Jones TV and Smith TV are the only two stores in your town that sell flat panel TV sets. First, Jones
will choose whether to charge high prices or low prices. Smith will see Jones's decision and then
choose high or low prices. If they both choose High, each earns $10,000. If they both choose Low,
each earns $8,000. If one chooses High and the other chooses Low, the one that chose High earns
$6,000 and the one that chose Low earns $14,000.
a. Draw the game tree. Use backward induction to solve this game.
b. Suppose Smith goes to Jones and promises to choose High if Jones chooses High. Is this a
credible promise?
c. Now suppose Jones starts a new policy that says it will always match or beat Smith's price. It
advertises the new policy heavily and so must choose Low if Smith chooses Low. So the game
now has the following structure. First, Jones chooses High or Low. Second, Smith chooses High
or Low. Third, if Jones has chosen High and Smith has chosen Low, Jones meets Smith's price
and…
At a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg’s was quoted as saying, “ . . . for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow’s hide.” Kellogg’s has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg’s and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $0 billion in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $8 billion.If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $43 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $4 billion. For what range of interest rates could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising?Instruction: Enter your response as a percentage rounded to the nearest whole number.i ≤ percent
Chapter 14 Solutions
Microeconomics (2nd Edition) (Pearson Series in Economics)
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- At a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg's was quoted as saying, “. for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow's hide." Kellogg's has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg's and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $0 billion in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $10 billion. If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $52 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $2 billion. For what range of interest rates could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising? Instruction: Enter your response as a percentage rounded to the nearest whole number. percentarrow_forwardAt a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg’s was quoted as saying, “ . . . for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow’s hide.” Kellogg’s has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg’s and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $0 in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $12 billion. If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $52 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $4 billion. Under what conditions could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising?arrow_forwardAt a time when demand for ready-to-eat cereal was stagnant, a spokesperson for the cereal maker Kellogg’s was quoted as saying, “ . . . for the past several years, our individual company growth has come out of the other fellow’s hide.” Kellogg’s has been producing cereal since 1906 and continues to implement strategies that make it a leader in the cereal industry. Suppose that when Kellogg’s and its largest rival advertise, each company earns $2 billion in profits. When neither company advertises, each company earns profits of $16 billion.If one company advertises and the other does not, the company that advertises earns $56 billion and the company that does not advertise loses $4 billion. For what range of interest rates could these firms use trigger strategies to support the collusive level of advertising?Instruction: Enter your response as a percentage rounded to the nearest whole number.arrow_forward
- Two duopolists are sharing a market in which they are contemplating whether to compete or to cooperate. If they cooperate and behave like a monopolist they will share the monopolist profit of $1800. If they compete each will get a profit of $800 but if one them cooperates while the other chooses to compete the one who cooperates gets $700 while the one who competes will end up with $1000. Set-up the game, explain the process and show the Nash-equilibrium reached when the game is played.arrow_forwardTwo oligopolistic firms have to decide on the pricing strategy. Each can either choose either a high or a low price. If they both choose a high price, each will make $12 million, but if they both choose a low price, each will make $ 8 million. If one sets a high price and other a low one, the low-priced firm will make $16 million, but the high-priced firm will make only $4 million. It is illegal for each firm to communicate with each other. a) Which strategy would both of them ultimately opt for? b) What would be the pay-off for this strategy?arrow_forwardConsider two cigarette companies, PM Inc. and Brown Inc. If neither company advertises, the two companies split the market and earn $60 million each. If they both advertise, they again split the market, but profits are lower by $20 million since each company must bear the cost of advertising. Yet, if one company advertises while the other does not, the one that advertises attracts customers from the other. In this case, the company that advertises earns $70 million while the company that does not advertise earns only $30 million. What will these two companies do if they behave as individual profit maximizers? One company will advertise, and the other will not. Brown Inc. earns $70. Both companies will advertise. PM Inc. earns $60. Neither company will advertise. Brown Inc. earns $60. Both companies will advertise. Brown Inc. earns $40.arrow_forward
- Samsung Expensive Cheap Apple Expensive Cheap 2,6 3,3 4,4 6,2 Apple and Samsung control the majority of the Smart Phones. Suppose the diagram above represents their strategic options, either to offer an expensive or a cheap phone in the market. If both firms offer an expensive phone, they will each earn 4 billion dollars. If Samsung offers a cheap phone, while Apple offers only an expensive phone, Samsung will earn $6 billion and Apple will earn $2 billion, and vice versa. If they both offer a cheap phone, they will each earn $3 billion. What are the profits in the Nash Equilibrium? Both firms earn $4 billion. Samsung earns $2 billion and Apple earns $6 billion. Samsung earns $6 billion and Apple earns $2 billion. Both firms earn $3 billion.arrow_forwardThe following market is a duopoly populated only by the companies Alpha and Beta. They produce and sell identical products. The graph below shows the market demand for the product. Both firms face zero marginal cost at every level of output. If one of the firms charges a lower price than the other, the firm charging the lower price will enjoy the entire quantity demanded by all the customers in the market. If the two firms charge the same price, each will have an equal share the quantity demanded at that price. 4.5 4 3.5 2.5 82 15 1 0.5 0 $3.50 0 0 4.54 O €.50 Of. $1 1 2 Output Assume both firms have the goal of maximising their own economic profit. If the two firms do not communicate with each other, and they simultaneously choose their own prices, what will be the Nash equilibrium price for both of them? O a. 53 O D. $2 O 3 -Demand MR 4arrow_forwardIf you advertise and your rival advertises, you each will earn $4 million in profits. If neither of you advertises, you will each earn $10 million in profits. However, if one of you advertises and the other does not, the firm that advertises will earn $1 million and the non-advertising firm will earn $5 million. If you and your rival plan to be in business for 10 years, then the Nash equilibrium is Multiple Choice for each firm to advertise every year. for neither firm to advertise in early years but to advertise in later years. for each firm to not advertise in any year. for each firm to advertise in early years but not advertise in later years.arrow_forward
- A country’s market for new motor vehicles is dominated completely by two firms, Fastcars Ltd and Slowcars Ltd. Market revenue is fixed at $10 billion. Each firm can choose whether to advertise. Advertising costs $1 billion for each firm that advertises. If one firm advertises and the other does not, then the firm that advertises receives 100% of market revenue and pays for its advertising. If both firms advertise, they split the market revenue 50:50 and pay for their respective advertising. If neither advertises, they split the market revenue 50:50 but without the expense of advertising. a) What strategy would you advise that Fastcars Ltd should follow? b) What would you predict will be the strategy chosen by each firm? c) Is there an outcome that would make both firms better off? In case you find that there is such an outcome, is it achievable?arrow_forwardSuppose that two clothing manufacturers, Lands’ End and L.L. Bean, are deciding what price to charge for very similar field coats. The cost of producing these coats is $100. The coats are very close substitutes, so customers flock to the seller that offers the lowest price. If both firms offer identical prices, each receives half the customers. For simplicity, assume that the two firms have the choice of pricing at prices of $103, $102, or $101. The profit each firm would earn at various prices (Lands’ Ends Profit, LL Bean’s Profit) is attached in the payoff matrix below: a.) What is the Nash equilibrium and expected profits to LL Bean and Lands’ End of this game? b.) Suppose this is a mixed strategy game in which LL Bean has a 25% percent chance of choosing a priceof $101, a 25% chance of choosing price of $102, and a 50% chance of choosing $103, while Lands End has a1/3 chance of choosing each strategy. What’s the expected payoff to LL Bean? c.) Suppose that in hopes of raising…arrow_forwardIf you advertise and your rival advertises, you each will earn $4 million in profits. If neither of you advertises, you will each earn $10 million in profits. However, if one of you advertises and the other does not, the firm that advertises will earn $1 million and the non-advertising firm will earn $5 million. If you and your rival plan to be in business for only one year, the Nash equilibrium is Group of answer choices for each firm to advertise. for neither firm to advertise. for your firm to advertise and the other not to advertise. none of the provided answers. Note:- Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. Answer completely. You will get up vote for sure.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage Learning
Managerial Economics: A Problem Solving Approach
Economics
ISBN:9781337106665
Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike Shor
Publisher:Cengage Learning