Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 14, Problem 5Q
Summary Introduction
To review:
The biosynthetic pathway for creatine.
Introduction:
Creatine is an organicacid. It primarily functionsin the recycling of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the muscles and the brain. On the reaction of ATP and creatin, ehosphor creatine is formed. It stores high-energy phosphate for some time. Phosphocreatine breaks when energy demand is high.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
The hydrolysis of pyrophosphate to orthophosphate drives biosynthetic reactions such as DNA synthesis. In Escherichia coli,
a pyrophosphatase catalyzes this hydrolytic reaction. The pyrophosphatase has a mass of 120 kDa and consists of six identical
subunits. A unit of activity for this enzyme, U, is the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 10 umol of pyrophosphate in
15 minutes. The purified enzyme has a Vnax of 2800 U per milligram of enzyme.
When (S] >> KM, how many micromoles of substrate can 1 mg of enzyme hydrolyze per second?
Vnas
umol-s. mg-!
max
If each enzyme subunit has one active site, how many micromoles of active sites, or (E]r, are there in 1 mg of enzyme?
(Er=
umol · mg-!
The oxidation of 1 mol of glucose supplies enough metabolic energy to form 36 mol of ATP. Oxidation of 1 mol of a typical dietary fat like tristearin (C57H116O6) yields enough energy toform 458 mol of ATP. How many molecules of ATP can form per gram of
(a) glucose;
(b) tristearin?
A glycolytic intermediate may be used to make the glycerol 3-phosphate necessary for the production of glycerophospholipids. For this conversion, provide a reaction sequence.
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
Ch. 14 - Prob. 1QCh. 14 - Prob. 2QCh. 14 - Prob. 3QCh. 14 - Prob. 4QCh. 14 - Prob. 5QCh. 14 - Prob. 1RQCh. 14 - Prob. 2RQCh. 14 - Prob. 3RQCh. 14 - Prob. 4RQCh. 14 - Prob. 5RQ
Ch. 14 - Prob. 6RQCh. 14 - Prob. 7RQCh. 14 - Prob. 8RQCh. 14 - Prob. 9RQCh. 14 - Prob. 10RQCh. 14 - Prob. 11RQCh. 14 - Prob. 12RQCh. 14 - Prob. 13RQCh. 14 - Prob. 14RQCh. 14 - Prob. 15RQCh. 14 - Prob. 16RQCh. 14 - Prob. 17RQCh. 14 - Prob. 18RQCh. 14 - Prob. 19RQCh. 14 - Prob. 20RQCh. 14 - Prob. 21RQCh. 14 - Prob. 22RQCh. 14 - Prob. 23RQCh. 14 - Prob. 24RQCh. 14 - Prob. 25RQCh. 14 - Prob. 26RQCh. 14 - Prob. 27RQCh. 14 - Prob. 28RQCh. 14 - Prob. 29RQCh. 14 - Prob. 30RQCh. 14 - Prob. 31RQCh. 14 - Prob. 32RQCh. 14 - Prob. 33RQCh. 14 - Prob. 34RQCh. 14 - Prob. 35RQCh. 14 - Prob. 36RQCh. 14 - Prob. 37FBCh. 14 - Prob. 38FBCh. 14 - Prob. 39FBCh. 14 - Prob. 40FBCh. 14 - Prob. 41FBCh. 14 - Prob. 42FBCh. 14 - Prob. 43FBCh. 14 - Prob. 44FBCh. 14 - Prob. 45FBCh. 14 - Prob. 46FBCh. 14 - Prob. 47SACh. 14 - Prob. 48SACh. 14 - Prob. 49SACh. 14 - Prob. 50SACh. 14 - Prob. 51SACh. 14 - Prob. 52TQCh. 14 - Prob. 53TQCh. 14 - Prob. 54TQCh. 14 - Prob. 55TQCh. 14 - Prob. 56TQCh. 14 - Prob. 57TQCh. 14 - Prob. 58TQCh. 14 - Prob. 59TQCh. 14 - Prob. 60TQCh. 14 - Prob. 61TQCh. 14 - Prob. 63TQ
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Fatty acid chains after subjected to degradative enzymes in the intestines are hydrolyzed (hydrolysis) into 2 Carbon acetic acid fragments (Each fragment becomes an acetyl Co-A molecule). What stage of cellular respiration will this product of lipolysis enter? How many ATP can one fragment produce in cellular respiration?arrow_forwardThe venom of the Eastern diamondback rattler and the Indian cobra contains phospholipase A2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of fatty acids at the C-2 position of glycerophospholipids. The phospholipid breakdownproduct of this reaction is lysolecithin (lecithin is phosphatidylcholine). At high concentrations, this and other lysophospholipids act as detergents, dissolving the membranes of erythrocytes and lysing the cells. Extensive hemolysis may be lifethreatening.(a) All detergents are amphipathic. What are the hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of lysolecithin?(b) The pain and inflammation caused by a snake bite can be treated with certain steroids. What is the basis of this treatment?(c) Though the high levels of phospholipase A2 in venom can be deadly, this enzyme is necessary for a variety of normal metabolic processes. What are these processes?arrow_forwardA student is trying to determine the mechanism for a reaction that uses ATP to activate a carboxylate ion, which then reacts with a thiol. If the carboxyl-ate ion attacks the g-phosphorus of ATP, the reaction products are the thioester, ADP, and phosphate. However, whether it attacks the a-phosphorus or the b-phosphorus of ATP cannot be determined from the reaction products because the thioester, AMP, and pyrophosphate would be the products in both reactions. The mechanisms can be distinguished by a labeling experiment in which the enzyme, the carboxylate ion, ATP, and radioactively labeled pyro-phosphate are incubated, and then the ATP is isolated. If the isolated ATP is radioactive, attack occurred on the a-phosphorus. If it is not radioactive, then attack occurred on the b-phosphorus. Explain these conclusions.arrow_forward
- Human blood serum contains a class of enzymes known as acid phosphatases, which hydrolyze biological phosphate esters under slightly acidic conditions (pH 5.0):. Acid phosphatases are produced by erythrocytes, the liver, kidney, spleen, and prostate gland The enzyme of the prostate gland is clinically important, because its increased activity in the blood can be an indication of prostate cancer. The phosphatase from the prostate gland is strongly inhibited by tartrate ion, but acid phosphatases from other tissues are not. How can this information be used to develop a specific procedure for measuring the activity of the acid phosphatase of the prostate gland in human blood serum?arrow_forwardEthylene glycol (HO−CH2−CH2−OH) is a major component of antifreeze. In the body, it is first converted to HOOC−CHO (oxoethanoic acid) and then to HOOC−COOH (oxalic acid), which is toxic. What class of enzyme catalyzes both of the reactions of ethylene glycol? The treatment for the ingestion of ethylene glycol is an intravenous solution of ethanol. How might this help prevent toxic levels of oxalic acid in the body?arrow_forwardMaltase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the disaccharide maltose. This process occurs during human digestion when maltase is secreted by the intestine and then converts maltose into glucose. Which two classes of biomolecules are directly involved in this process?arrow_forward
- A key enzyme in metabolism catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose. Name three amino acids that may stabilize the substrate or product of this reaction through three distinct non-covalent interactions. Specify the elements of the sidechain and reactant/product that are interacting.arrow_forwardMyristoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid found in small amounts in a variety of foods. Calculate the net ATP yield from the complete β-oxidation of myristoleic acid. The formula of myristoleic acid is shown below (it is assumed that the total ATP production is the same for both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having the same carbon chain length). CH3-(CH2)3-CHCH-(CH2)7-COOH (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and the oxidation of one acetyl CoA yields 10 ATP. ) Group of answer choices a. 96 ATP b. 92 ATP c. 94 ATP d. 34 ATP e. 36 ATParrow_forwardPhosphorylation is a common covalent modification of proteins in all forms of life. What energetic advantages accrue from the use of ATP as the phosphoryl donor?arrow_forward
- The following molecules act as either inhibitors or activators of the enzyme that converts fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6- diphosphate. Which do you think are activators? (A) ADP B AMP ATP citratearrow_forwardIn the ATP-dependent formation of the peptide bond, it is found that Mg2+ ions or other positive charges are needed to stabilize a transition state. What chemical feature of the intermediate of this mechanism suggests the cause of this dependence?arrow_forwardThe storage polysaccharide starch is a mixture of the molecules amylose (an unbranched polymer of glucose) and amylopectin (a branched polymer of glucose). Both amylose and amylopectin only have one reducing end, but amylopectin has many nonreducing ends.Enzymes that break down these molecules act on the nonreducing ends. Briefly describe why this is advantageous.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781319114671Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.Publisher:W. H. FreemanLehninger Principles of BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781464126116Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. CoxPublisher:W. H. FreemanFundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...BiochemistryISBN:9781118918401Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. PrattPublisher:WILEY
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781464126116
Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781118918401
Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. Pratt
Publisher:WILEY
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305961135
Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...
Biochemistry
ISBN:9780134015187
Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher:PEARSON