Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780073522593
Author: Denise G. Anderson Lecturer, Sarah Salm, Deborah Allen
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 14, Problem 5MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Interferons are proteins that function in intercellular signaling. They are produced in response to some extracellular
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d) After your immune system subdues the virus, you wake up in sweaty clothes. i) Explain generally why you wake up in that state and ii) describe the steps that occur in your body that result in this response.
e) Bats have been implicated as the source of many viruses against which humans have a difficult time mounting an effective immune response. Interestingly, flight plays an important role. i) Describe and explain i) the role that flight plays in creating these kinds of viruses, ii) how the viruses cross over into humans, and iii) why our immune response has a more difficult time mounting an effective response against them 4 Temperature
All of the following approaches are used to treat autoimmune diseases excepta) immunosuppressant drugs.b) induction of tolerance. c) antibiotics.d) anti-inflammatory medications.e) replacement therapy, as with insulin in diabetes.
Natural killer cells target:
A) O cells that possess abundant MHC I self antigens on their surface
B) O bacterial cells that are coated with complement
C) O extracellular viruses
D)O extracellular bacterial pathogens
E) O None of the above
Chapter 14 Solutions
Nester's Microbiology: A Human Perspective
Ch. 14 - Describe how the skin protects against infection.Ch. 14 -
2. What factors in saliva aid in protection...Ch. 14 - Why is iron availability important in body...Ch. 14 - Name two categories of cytokines and give their...Ch. 14 - What is the function of a TLR?Ch. 14 - Contrast the pathways of complement activation.Ch. 14 - How do complement proteins cause foreign cell...Ch. 14 - Prob. 8SACh. 14 - Prob. 9SACh. 14 - Prob. 10SA
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- What is the role of histamine in inflammation? A)Histamine increases the volume of blood flow in the area of the infection. B)All these choices are correct. C)Histamine signals to neutrophils to migrate to the site of infection. D)Histamine makes it easier for neutrophils to move from the bloodstream to the site of infection.arrow_forward41) For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen, it is necessary that A) the surface antigens of the pathogen do not change. B) a rearrangement of the B cell receptor antibodies takes place. C) all of the surface antigens on the pathogen be identified. D) the pathogen has only one epitope. E) the MHC molecules are heterozygous. 42) In the human disease known as lupus, there is an immune reaction against a patient's own DNA from broken or dying cells, which categorizes lupus as A) an allergy. B) an immunodeficiency. C) an autoimmune disease. D) an antigenic variation. E) a cancer.arrow_forwardInterferons can slow down viral replication by inhibiting protein synthesis in in body cells. a.) true b.) falsearrow_forward
- The correct order of words to describe how innate immune response responds to a pathogen that has gotten by the physical and chemical barriers is: À) Skin, Saliva, Cytokines, Macrophage B)Macrophage, Cytokines, Neutrophil, Natural Killer Cell C) Neutrophil, Cytokines, Killer T Cell, Antibodies D) Antigen, Macrophage, B Cell, Killer T Cellarrow_forwardSelect all of the following that are functions performed by different antibodies. a) Group of answer choices b) Attracting natural killer cells to destroy an infected cell. c) Blocking the ability of a pathogen to bind to a host cell d) Lysing a pathogen cell wall or lipid bilayer. e) Marking a pathogen so that innate immune cells destroy the pathogen. f) Helping complement proteins bind to a pathogen.arrow_forward1. What phagocytic cells utilize in their membrane to identify phagocytic objects? A) Opsonin receptors B) Fc receptors C) Toll-like receptors D) All of the above E) None of the above. 2. Which is NOT a measure for fighting against viral infections? A). TNF-α B). IFN-Y C). IL-1 D). IL-4 E). All of the above promote anti-viral reactions. 3. Which could be the chain formula for IgA in the mucosa? Α). απλη Β). (μ2λ2)s C). αμκ2 D). μ2K2 E). (α2K2)2arrow_forward
- Superantigensa) are exceptionally large antigen molecules.b) cause a very large antibody response.c) elicit a response from a large number of T cells.d) attach non-specifically to B-cell receptors.e) assist in a protective immune response.arrow_forward1. During an HIV infection, a doctor would expect which of these cytokines to be most elevated? A) TGF-B B) IL-8 C) IFNY D) IL-1arrow_forward1) the relationship between the brain and the immune system is: a) bidirectional b) Unidirectional c) A legend because it has not been proven scientifically 2) In response to viral infection, the immune cell starts releasing proteins to coordinate the immune system's response. These proteins: a) Do not affect the brain because there is no connection between the immune system and the brain b) Affect the brain, and cause depressive-like symptoms c) Are unable to enter the brainarrow_forward
- Helper T cells: A) produce antibodies B) can act as memory cells C) initiate both the cell mediated response and the humoral response D) all of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following are important for viral protection? Group of answer choices a) Macrophages b)Interferons c)Skin d)Natural Killer lymphocytesarrow_forwardPart of the complement system of defense is opsonization. This process A.) creates an acidic environment that prevents pathogen attachment B.) causes holes to form in the pathogen's cell walls. C.) coats the pathogen exterior so that it is recognized by the host's phagocytes. D.) causes the pathogen to become trapped in mucus.arrow_forward
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