BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 3S
Enzyme function is critically important for the proper replication of DNA. Predict the consequence of a loss of function for each of the following enzymes
a. DNA gyrase
b. DNA polymerase III
c. DNA ligase
d. DNA polymerase I
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The following enzymes cannot catalyze the synthesis of DNA
A.DNA polymerase
B.DNA gyrase
C.DNA ligase
D.Helicase
List six types of DNA repair. Explain the basic features of each.
Indicate whether each of the following statements is true
or false. If a statement is false, explain why it is false.
A. The repair polymerase is the enzyme that proofreads the newly synthesized
strands to ensure the accuracy of DNA replication.
B. There is a single enzyme that degrades the RNA primers and lays down the
corresponding DNA sequence behind it.
C. DNA ligase is required to seal the sugar-phosphate backbone between all the
DNA fragments on the lagging strand.
D. The repair polymerase does not require the aid of the sliding clamp, because it is
only synthesizing DNA over very short stretches.
Answer the following questions about DNA replication.
On a DNA strand that is being synthesized, which end is growing the 3' end, the 5' end,
or both ends? Explain your answer.
А.
B. On a DNA strand that is being used as a template, where is the copying occurring relative
to the replication origin-3' of the origin, 5', or both?
Chapter 14 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 14.1 - Describe the experiments of Griffith and Avery.Ch. 14.1 - Evaluate the evidence for DNA as genetic material.Ch. 14.2 - Explain how the WatsonCrick structure rationalized...Ch. 14.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 14.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 14.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 14.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 14.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 14.4 - Diagram the functions found at the replication...Ch. 14.5 - Compare eukaryotic replication with prokaryotic.
Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 14.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 14.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 14.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 14 - Prob. 1DACh. 14 - Prob. 2DACh. 14 - Prob. 1IQCh. 14 - Prob. 2IQCh. 14 - How does the structure of eukaryotic genomes...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4IQCh. 14 - Prob. 1UCh. 14 - Which of the following is NOT a component of DNA?...Ch. 14 - Chargaff studied the composition of DNA from...Ch. 14 - The bonds that hold two complementary strands of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5UCh. 14 - Prob. 6UCh. 14 - Which of the following is NOT pan of the...Ch. 14 - If one strand of a DNA is 5 ATCGTTAAGCGAGTCA 3,...Ch. 14 - Hershey and Chase used radioactive phosphorus and...Ch. 14 - The Meselson and Stahl experiment used a density...Ch. 14 - Prob. 4ACh. 14 - If the activity of DNA ligase was removed from...Ch. 14 - Successful DNA synthesis requires all of the...Ch. 14 - The synthesis of telomeres a. uses DNA polymerase,...Ch. 14 - When mutations that affected DNA replication were...Ch. 14 - Prob. 1SCh. 14 - In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, a control...Ch. 14 - Enzyme function is critically important for the...
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- Describe the main jobs of each of the following enzymes in the E. coli model of replication: A. DNA Polymerase I B. DNA Polymerase II C. DNA Polymerase IIIarrow_forwardPlease explain one type of “DNA repair” mechanism (what is it, when is it used, how does it work).arrow_forwardBased on what you have learned with respect to various DNA repair pathways, decide the most appropriate pathway that would be used to repair the following types of DNA damage. Explain your reasoning. A change in the DNA sequence caused by a mistake made by DNA polymerase during replication In a fungal species, pyrimidine dimers induced as a result of UV exposure A double-stranded break that occurs during G1 and prevents completion of DNA replicationarrow_forward
- Describe the genetic roles of DNA helicase and DNA polymerase. Contrast the function of DNA polymerase with thatof RNA polymerase.arrow_forwardWhich of the following types of DNA damage would be hardest to repair using the DNA repair pathways?A. Complete removal of three nucleotides in the middle of one strand.B. A covalent bond between a base on one strand and a base on the complementary strand.C. Incorporation of a sugar other than deoxyribose into one strand.D. Covalent attachment of a short polypeptide to a single base.E. A covalent bond between a base and a deoxyribose on the same strand. Please explain why it's Barrow_forwardSome antibiotic drugs fight infection by interfering with DNA replication, transcription, or translation in bacteria. Indicate whether each of the following antibiotic drug effects is on replication, transcription, or translation. HINT Each answer (replication, transcription, and translation) is used only once for the following: a. Rifampin binds to bacterial RNA polymerase. b. Streptomycin binds bacterial ribosomes, disabling them. c. Quinolone blocks an enzyme that prevents bacterial DNA from unwinding.arrow_forward
- Select all the proteins involved in DNA repair.arrow_forwardNumerous enzymes are involved in the process of DNA replication. Select a few of these enzymes (three ideally), and explain the impact on DNA replication if the enzymes you've chosen were defective.arrow_forwardIn one, simple sentence define the function of the following 1. Helicase = 2. Alpha subunit of DNA polymerase III =arrow_forward
- Match each enzyme name in the left column with the correct descriptive phrase in the right column. a. Topoisomerase II b. DNA ligase c. DNA polymerase y d. Reverse transcriptase i. Catalyzes most nucleotide incorporations in bacterial DNA replication ii. Cleaves RNA in a DNA-RNA hybrid molecule e. DNA polymerase I f. DNA polymerase II iii. Uses a tRNA primer in synthesis of retroviral DNA iv. Acts through an adenylylated DNA inter- mediate v. Catalyzes formation of a double-strand DNA break vi. Catalyzes mitochondrial DNA replicationarrow_forwardThe general excision repair pathway for DNA repair has the following order A. endonuclease cuts → DNA ligase removes → endonuclease removes → DNA ligase B. DNA ligase → DNA polymerase → helicase or endonuclease removes → endonuclease cuts C. endonuclease cuts → helicase or endonuclease removes → DNA polymerase → DNA ligase D. endonuclease cuts → DNA polymerase repairs → helicase opens up → DNA ligasearrow_forwardWhich of the following enzymes is responsible for ensuring that genetic material at the end of the chromosome is not lost during DNA replication? a. Helicase b. DNA Polymerase c. Telomerase d. DNA Ligase e. Primasearrow_forward
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