Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780073511177
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
Question
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Chapter 14, Problem 14.112P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Molecular formula for Hyponitrous acid and nitroxyl has to be determined using the given data.

Concept-Introduction:

Molecular formula can be determined using the given formula,

  Molecular formula = n(Empirical formula)n= Molar massEmpirical mass

(a)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

Given data is shown below:

  Empirical formula  HNOMolar mass of hyponitrous acid = 62.04g/molMolar mass of nitroxyl = 31.02 g/mol

Empirical mass is calculated as follows,

Empirical mass = Mass of H + Mass of N + Mass of O(1.01 g/mol)+(14.01 g/mol)+(16.00 g/mol)= 31.01 g/mol

Empirical mass of HNO is 31.01 g/mol

Molecular formula for Hyponitrous acid can be determined using the given formula,

  n= Molar massEmpirical mass=62.04g/mol31.01 g/mol= 2Molecular formula = n(Empirical formula)= 2(HNO)= H2N2O2

Molecular formula for Hyponitrous acid is H2N2O2.

Molecular formula for nitroxyl can be determined using the given formula,

  n= Molar massEmpirical mass=31.02 g/mol31.01 g/mol= 1Molecular formula = n(Empirical formula)= HNO

Molecular formula for nitroxyl is HNO.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structure of Hyponitrous acid and nitroxyl has to be determined.

Concept-Introduction:

Lewis structure

Electron dot structure also known as Lewis dot structure represents the number of valence electrons of an atom or constituent atoms bonded in a molecule.  Each dot corresponds to one electron.

(b)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

The Lewis electron dot structure for given molecules are determined by first drawing the skeletal structure for the given molecules, then the total number of valence electrons for all atoms present in the molecules are determined.

The next step is to subtract the electrons present in the total number of bonds present in the skeletal structure of the molecule with the total valence electrons such that considering each bond contains two electrons with it.

Finally, the electrons which got after subtractions have to be equally distributed considering each atom contains eight electrons in its valence shell.

Draw Lewis structure of Hyponitrous acid:

Outer valence electrons of Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are one, six and five respectively.

  H = 2×1 = 2O = 2×6 = 12N = 2×5 = 10Total e = 2 + 12+ 10 = 245 Bonds  = (5×2)=10Remaining e = 2410=14

Here, one double bond between two nitrogen atoms is required to complete the complete the octets of all the atoms.

After the distribution of electrons, both Nitrogen atoms gets a lone pair of electrons and both oxygen atoms get two pair of lone electrons.

The Lewis structure of Hyponitrous acid follows as,

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book, Chapter 14, Problem 14.112P , additional homework tip  1

Draw Lewis structure of nitroxyl:

Outer valence electrons of Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are one, six and five respectively.

  H = 1×1 = 1O = 1×6 = 6N = 1×5 = 5Total e = 1 + 6 + 5 = 122 Bonds  = (2×2)=4Remaining e = 124=8

Here, one double bond between is required to complete the complete the octets of all the atoms.

After the distribution of electrons, Nitrogen atom gets a lone pair of electrons and oxygen atom gets two pair of lone electrons.

The Lewis structure of nitroxyl follows as,

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book, Chapter 14, Problem 14.112P , additional homework tip  2

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structure of Hyponitrous acid and nitroxyl has to be determined.

Concept-Introduction:

According to VSEPR theory, the geometry is predicted by the minimizing the repulsions between electron-pairs in the bonds and lone-pairs of electrons.  The VSEPR theory is summarized in the given table as,

  Electron-pairlone-pairElectron-pairgeometryMolecularshape20LinearLinear30TrigonalplanarTrigonalplanar21TrigonalplanarBent40TetrahedralTetrahedral31TetrahedralPyramidal22TetrahedralVshape50TrigonalbipyramidalTrigonalbipyramidal41TrigonalbipyramidalSeesaw32TrigonalbipyramidalTshape23TrigonalbipyramidalLinear60OctahedralOctahedral51OctahedralSquarepyramidal42OctahedralSquareplanar

(c)

Expert Solution
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Explanation of Solution

The Lewis structure of Hyponitrous acid follows as,

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book, Chapter 14, Problem 14.112P , additional homework tip  3

The Lewis structure of nitroxyl follows as,

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book, Chapter 14, Problem 14.112P , additional homework tip  4

Nitrogen atom present in both Hyponitrous acid and nitroxyl has two bond pair and one lone pair (3 electron domains).  Therefore, the molecular geometry of Hyponitrous acid and nitroxyl is bent.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structure of Hyponitrous acid and nitroxyl has to be determined.

Concept-Introduction:

Geometric isomers: Two compounds are considered as geometric isomers of each other if both contain same number of atoms but different in their arrangement.

  • Trans configuration: In trans configuration, similar groups are placed on opposite sides of the double bond.
  • Cis configuration: In cis configuration, similar groups are placed on same sides of the double bond.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Explanation of Solution

The Lewis structure of Hyponitrous acid follows as,

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book, Chapter 14, Problem 14.112P , additional homework tip  5

The similar groups are placed on opposite sides of the double bond in trans configuration whereas similar groups are placed on same sides of the double bond in cis configuration.

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book, Chapter 14, Problem 14.112P , additional homework tip  6

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Chapter 14 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change - Standalone book

Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.11PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.12PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.13PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.14PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.15PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.16PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.17PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.18PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.19PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.20PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.21PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.22PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.23PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.24PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.25PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.26PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.27PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.28PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.29PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.30PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.31PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.32PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.33PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.34PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.35PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.36PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.37PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.38PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.39PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.40PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.41PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.42PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.43PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.44PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.45PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.46PCh. 14 - Give explanations for the large drops in melting...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.48PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.49PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.50PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.51PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.52PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.53PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.54PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.55PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.56PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.57PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.58PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.59PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.60PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.61PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.62PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.63PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.64PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.65PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.66PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.67PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.68PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.69PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.70PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.71PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.72PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.73PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.74PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.75PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.76PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.77PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.78PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.79PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.80PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.81PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.82PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.83PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.84PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.85PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.86PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.87PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.88PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.89PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.90PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.91PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.92PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.93PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.94PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.95PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.96PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.97PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.98PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.99PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.100PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.101PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.102PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.103PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.104PCh. 14 - Xenon tetrafluoride reacts with antimony...Ch. 14 - Prob. 14.106PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.107PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.108PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.109PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.110PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.111PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.112PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.113PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.114PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.115PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.116PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.117PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.118PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.119PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.120PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.121PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.122PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.123PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.124PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.125PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.126PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.127PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.128PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.129PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.130PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.131PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.132PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.133PCh. 14 - Prob. 14.134PCh. 14 - Hydrogen peroxide can act as either an oxidizing...
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