Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13.2, Problem 3MQ
- What lines of evidence indicate that microbial life was present on Earth 3.5 billion years ago?
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What evidence is there for the hypothesis that life originated on Earth by the creation and polymerization of small organic molecules by natural processes?
Which of the following is true?
A) Life originated around volcanic vents deep in the oceans.
B) Life originated in lakes.
C) Life originated on meteors.
Regarding early life on Earth, A) microbial life existed for billions of years before plant and animal life. B) microbial life existed long before animals has been around for about the same amount of time as plants. C) microbial life, plant life, and animal life all appeared at about the same time. ) it is impossible to determine which type of first appeared.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 13.1 - What characteristics would have made the surface...Ch. 13.1 - How do we know when oceans were first present on...Ch. 13.1 - What lines of reasoning support the hypothesis...Ch. 13.1 - What is LUCA, and what is a plausible explanation...Ch. 13.2 - Why is the origin of cyanobacteria considered a...Ch. 13.2 - What caused the development of banded iron...Ch. 13.2 - What lines of evidence indicate that microbial...Ch. 13.2 - Why was the origin of cyanobacteria of such...Ch. 13.3 - What kinds of evidence support the three-domain...Ch. 13.3 - What is LUCA and what are some of its...
Ch. 13.3 - Which of the three domains is the least ancient?Ch. 13.3 - What evidence supports the classification of life...Ch. 13.4 - What evidence supports the idea that the...Ch. 13.4 - In what ways are modern eukaryotes a combination...Ch. 13.4 - Describe the different hypotheses for the...Ch. 13.4 - What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis for the...Ch. 13.5 - What are the different processes that give rise to...Ch. 13.5 - What is the difference between selection and...Ch. 13.5 - In the experiment of Figure 13.12, why did the...Ch. 13.5 - What is fitness? To what degree does fitness...Ch. 13.6 - What is the difference between the core and pan...Ch. 13.6 - What kind of recombination might have the greatest...Ch. 13.6 - What effects do deletions have on the evolution of...Ch. 13.6 - What are some processes that influence the content...Ch. 13.7 - How are DNA sequences obtained for phylogenetic...Ch. 13.7 - What does a phylogenetic tree depict?Ch. 13.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 13.7 - What is the difference between a gene tree and an...Ch. 13.8 - What is the difference between taxonomy and...Ch. 13.8 - What are some key criteria from the phylogenetic...Ch. 13.8 - How many species of Bacteria and Archaea have been...Ch. 13.8 - What is the "species problem" and why is the...Ch. 13.9 - What class of genes is used in MLST analyses?Ch. 13.9 - How is ribotyping different from rep-PCR?Ch. 13.9 - What is FAME analysis?Ch. 13.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 13.10 - What roles do culture collections play in...Ch. 13.10 - What is the IJSEM and what taxonomic function does...Ch. 13.10 - Why might viable cell cultures be of more use in...Ch. 13.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 13 - Compare and contrast the physical and chemical...Ch. 13 - For the following sequences, construct the...Ch. 13 - Imagine that you have been given several bacterial...Ch. 13 - Imagine that you have discovered a new form of...
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- How can life possibly evolve in such an inhospitable environment?arrow_forwardAt a time before life existed on Earth, our planet's atmosphere contained extremely little or no Question 2 options: a) nitrogen gases b) water vapor c) carbon dioxide d) gaseous oxygen e) noxious gasesarrow_forward9) Miller and Urey were able to support the hypothesis that life could have arisen through chemical/physical processes available on Earth 3.5+ billion years ago by heating and cooling CH4, NH3, H2, and H2O. What did they find when they did so? A) Lipids formed in these conditions B) Amino acids formed in these conditions C) Nucleic acids formed in these conditions D) Carbohydrates formed in these conditionsarrow_forward
- Were any sampling sites devoid of life? What were those sites like? Could microbes have been present at those sites and not detected? Why or why not?arrow_forwardHistorically, how has the origin of life on earth been explained?arrow_forwardWhat does Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis assume about Earth’s primordial atmosphere? Why would this have been important for the origin of biologically significant molecules?arrow_forward
- How is diatomaceous earth formed?arrow_forwardWhy was the development of enzymes fundamental to the evolution of life? a) without enzymes, the activation energy for essential reactions was too low b) enzymes allowed for high rate of catalysis at relatively low temperatures c) enzymes reduced the cellular demand for ATP d) enzymes allowed for reactions to occur spontaneouslyarrow_forwardWas there molecular oxygen in the earth's primitive atmosphere? How has that molecule become abundant?arrow_forward
- How does the iron–sulfur world hypothesis differ from the prebiotic soup hypothesis? What do these hypotheses have in common?arrow_forwardUsing the analogy of a one-hour countdown timer, when did prokaryotes originate? When did the colonization of land occur?arrow_forwardHow did life first begin on Earth?arrow_forward
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