Concept explainers
To distinguish: Between neurons and nerves.
Introduction: The nervous system controls and coordinates all the activities of animals. It is classified into two major types, namely the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and the spinal cord. The PNS includes neurons and ganglia. The primary tissue of this system is the nervous tissue.
To distinguish: Between the somatic system and the autonomic system.
Introduction: The nervous system controls and coordinates all the activities of animals. It is classified into two major types, namely the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and the spinal cord. The PNS includes neurons and ganglia. The primary tissue of this system is the nervous tissue.
To distinguish: Between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves.
Introduction: The autonomic nervous system is a functional division of the peripheral nervous system. It involves two autonomic neurons in the efferent pathway, namely preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons. The cell body of the preganglionic neurons is in the central nervous system (CNS), whereas the postganglionic neurons lie entirely outside the CNS. The autonomic nervous system is (structurally and functionally) divided into two parts, namely the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS).
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Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
- The nervous system that consists of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves is calleda. central.b. peripheral.c. sympathetic.d. parasympathetic.arrow_forwardsurrounds a bundle of nerve fibers A. Neurium B. Perineurium C. Epineurium D. Endoneurium E. None of the abovearrow_forwardPreparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the a.parasympathetic division b.somatic nervous system c.cerebrum d.sympathetic divisionarrow_forward
- The autonomic nervous system is part of the a. central nervous system. b. peripheral nervous system. c. sympathetic nervous system. d. parasympathetic nervous system.arrow_forwardWhat kinds of neurons (sympathetic or parasympathetic, preganglionic or postganglionic) are found in the following? a. cranial nerve nuclei b. lateral horn of the thoracic spinal cord gray matter c. lateral portion of the sacral spinal cord gray matter d. chain ganglia e. ganglia in the wall of an organarrow_forwardThe vast majority of neurons are located in the a. Outer bulges of the neocortex b. Cerebellum and brainstem C. Autonomic Nervous System d. Creases in the neocortexarrow_forward
- The PNS is comprised of cranial nerves and A. sensory nerves B. the brain C. spinal nervesarrow_forwardWhich of the following is most correct: A. Most spinal nerves contain both somatic and autonomic fibers. B. Most body responses to changing internal and external environments involve both enhanced skeletal muscle and visceral activity C. Somatic and autonomic branches are not truly individual entities, function is well integrated. D. Higher brain centers regulate both somatic and autonomic function. E. All these are correct.arrow_forwardDemyelination of axon in peripheral nerves is the cause of: a. Huntington's b. Horners Syndrome c. Multiple sclerosis d. Gullian Barre Syndromearrow_forward
- The autonomic system has two divisions, called thea. CNS and PNS.b. somatic and skeletal systems.c. efferent and afferent systems.d. sympathetic and parasympathetic divisionsarrow_forwardMark the following statements as true of false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement. a. Ependymal cells regulate the composition and movement of cerebrospinal fluid. b. Schwann cells make myelin in the peripheral nervous system c. Microglia are neuroglial cells with an immune function. d. Oligodendrocytes repair damaged axons in the peripheral nervous system. e. Astrocytes regulate the extracellular environment of the brain and are key components of the blood-brain barrier. f. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells perform similar functions in different parts of the nervous system.arrow_forwardThe part of the nervous system that controls smooth muscle, cardiacmuscle, and glands is thea. somatic nervous system. c. skeletal division.b. autonomic nervous system. d. sensory division.arrow_forward
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