Physics of Everyday Phenomena
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781259894008
Author: W. Thomas Griffith, Juliet Brosing Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 6CQ
Does the signal in an axon travel at the same speed as electrical signals in a metal wire? Explain. (See everyday phenomenon box 13.1.) Explain.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
An unmyelinated segment of the axon has a radius of r-2 um and a length of L=5 cm. what is its membrane
capacitance (Farad) ?. (The capacitance per unit area, C = 0.01 F/m?).
A. 0.00000000628
B. 0.00000002512
C. 0.00000001884
D. 0.00000001256
E. None
Voltage across the resting membrane potential…A) Can be described by the Nernst equation.B) Is established by a difference in charges across the cell membrane, with the outside more negative than the inside.C) Defines the driving force for flow of a particular ion across the cell membrane, given its equilibrium potentialD) Is equally dependent on the flow of potassium and sodium ions through leak channels across the cell membrane.E) Stays the same during an action potential.
Please help.
The nonpolar core of the membrane of a muscle cell has a thickness d = 4nm and a dielectric constancy k = 20. (a) What is the surface capacity of the membrane? Express your response in microcoulombs per square centimeter. (b) During muscle contraction, the internal potential of the cell increases by about 100 mV. For 1 cm2 of membrane, how many Na+ ions must have entered the cell for this purpose? (c) The medium outside the cell initially contains 0.150 mol / L of Na + ions in solution. Considering that it extends to 1 µm from the cell, what is the decrease in Na+ concentration immediately after the change in potential? (d) Estimate the number of times the process can be repeated before the Na+ ion reserve is exhausted.
Please show formulas ans steps for my own understanding
Chapter 13 Solutions
Physics of Everyday Phenomena
Ch. 13 - Two arrangements of a battery, bulb, and wire are...Ch. 13 - Suppose you have two wires, a battery, and a bulb....Ch. 13 - In a simple battery-and-bulb circuit, is the...Ch. 13 - Are electric current and electric charge the same...Ch. 13 - When an axon is stimulated, a voltage spike or...Ch. 13 - Does the signal in an axon travel at the same...Ch. 13 - Consider the circuit shown, where the wires are...Ch. 13 - Consider the circuit shown. Could we increase the...Ch. 13 - Two circuit diagrams are shown. Which one, if...Ch. 13 - Suppose we use an uncoated metal clamp to hold the...
Ch. 13 - Consider the two signs shown, which are located in...Ch. 13 - If we decrease the potential difference across a...Ch. 13 - Prob. 13CQCh. 13 - When a battery is being used in a circuit, will...Ch. 13 - Two resistors are connected in series with a...Ch. 13 - In the circuit shown below. R1, R2,. and R3 are...Ch. 13 - In the circuit shown in question 16, which of the...Ch. 13 - If we disconnect R2, from the rest of the circuit...Ch. 13 - When current passes through a series combination...Ch. 13 - In the circuit shown, the circle with a V in it...Ch. 13 - In the circuit shown, the circle with an A in it...Ch. 13 - Which will normally have the larger resistance, a...Ch. 13 - Is electric energy the same as electric power?...Ch. 13 - If the current through a certain resistance is...Ch. 13 - Prob. 25CQCh. 13 - What energy source increases the potential energy...Ch. 13 - Prob. 27CQCh. 13 - Prob. 28CQCh. 13 - Prob. 29CQCh. 13 - Prob. 30CQCh. 13 - Prob. 31CQCh. 13 - Prob. 32CQCh. 13 - Why does a bimetallic strip bend when the...Ch. 13 - A charge of 28 C passes at a steady rate through a...Ch. 13 - A current of 4.5 A flows through a battery for 3...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3ECh. 13 - A current of 1.5 A is flowing through a resistance...Ch. 13 - A current of 0.522 A flows through a resistor with...Ch. 13 - Four 22 resistors are connected in series to an...Ch. 13 - A 47 resistor and a 28 resistor are connected in...Ch. 13 - In the circuit shown, the 1 resistance is the...Ch. 13 - Three resistors are connected to a 12-V battery as...Ch. 13 - Two resistors, each having a resistance of 40 ....Ch. 13 - Prob. 11ECh. 13 - Three identical resistances, each 30 , are...Ch. 13 - A 9-V battery in a simple circuit produces a...Ch. 13 - A 80 resistor has a voltage difference of 12 V...Ch. 13 - A 75-W light bulb operates on an effective ac...Ch. 13 - A toaster draws a current of 9.0 A when it is...Ch. 13 - A clothes dryer uses 6600 W of power when...Ch. 13 - In the circuit shown, the internal resistance of...Ch. 13 - Three 36 lightbulbs are connected in parallel to...Ch. 13 - In the circuit shown, the 8-V battery is opposing...Ch. 13 - In the combination of 12 resistors shown in the...Ch. 13 - A 850-W toaster, a 1200-W waffle iron, and a...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed pulse duration = 50.0 m/s 2.0 103 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in Figure P18.43. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = 0A/d and Q = C V to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.0 108 m, axon radius r = 1.0 101 m, and cell-wall dielectric constant = 3.0. (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 102 V? Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per squared (2). An atom has a cross section of about 1 2 (1 = 1010 m). (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of + 3.0 102 V from the resting state of 7.0 102 V? How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? (c) If it takes 2.0 ms for the Na+ ions to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process? (d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to + 3.0 102 V, starting from the resting potential of 7.0 102 V? Figure P18.43 Problem 43 and 44.arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed pulse duration = 50.0 m/s 2.0 103 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in Figure P18.43. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = 0A/d and Q = C V to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.0 108 m, axon radius r = 1.0 101 m, and cell-wall dielectric constant = 3.0. (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an initial potential difference of 7.0 102 V? Is this a large charge per unit area? Hint: Calculate the charge per unit area in terms of electronic charge e per squared (2). An atom has a cross section of about 1 2 (1 = 1010 m). (b) How much positive charge must flow through the cell membrane to reach the excited state of + 3.0 102 V from the resting state of 7.0 102 V? How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? (c) If it takes 2.0 ms for the Na+ ions to enter the axon, what is the average current in the axon wall in this process? (d) How much energy does it take to raise the potential of the inner axon wall to + 3.0 102 V, starting from the resting potential of 7.0 102 V? Figure P18.43 Problem 43 and 44.arrow_forwardOpening of voltage-gated channels is driven by an intramembrane electric field acting on charged voltage-sensor domains. These domains move across the membrane and generate gating (displacement) currents. When these currents are integrated over time, they produce the gating charge generated by a population of channels. What would be the gating charge passing through the external circuit when the flat array of charges moves across the distance a inside the membrane? The hydrophobic thickness of the membrane is d, the dielectric constant ɛ, the density of charges is O and the area of the membrane is A (provide an analytic solution). start end A A a d darrow_forward
- A myelinated axon conducts nerve impulses at a speed of 40 m/s. What is the signal speed if the thickness of the myelin sheath is halved but no other changes are made to the axon?arrow_forwardWrite a question about the electrical action potential of the human nervous system in terms of physics.arrow_forwardPlease ASAP. Thankyou. Question 20 If the distance between the two sides of the phospholipid bilayer were to increase by 4-fold, what would happen to the capacitance of the membrane? Increase 4-fold Increase 8-fold It would be 1/4 It would be ⅛arrow_forward
- An unmyelinated segment of the axon has a radius of r=2 pm and a length of L=7 cm. what is its membrane capacitance (Farad) ?. (The %3D capacitance per unit area, Cm = 0.01 F/m2). %3D A. 0.000000008792 B. None, C. 0.00000002638 D. 0.00000003517 E. 0.00000001758arrow_forward6. The giant axon of a squid is 0.5 mm in diameter, 10 cm long, and not myelinated. Unmycli- nated cell membranes behave as capacitors with 1 μF of capacitance per square centimeter of membrane area. When the axon is charged to the -70 mV resting potential, what is the energy stored in this capacitance?arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential length excited = nerve speed × pulse duration = 50.0 m/s × 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with k* ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = ke,A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.4 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.4 x 101 um, and cell-wall dielectric constant k = 2.2.arrow_forward
- Assume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration = 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = KE A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.8 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.4 × 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.0. Positive charge layer Negative charge layer 1+ External fluid + + + Axon wall membrane + Internal fluid Axon radius = r + + + d + (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V.) How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming…arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration = 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = K² A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 2.0 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.6 x 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant k = 2.9. Positive charge layer Negative charge layer External fluid Axon wall membrane Internal fluid - Axon radius= d -2 (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² v.) 9.03E-10 C How many K+ ions are on the outside of the axon assuming an…arrow_forwardAssume a length of axon membrane of about 0.10 m is excited by an action potential (length excited = nerve speed x pulse duration = 50.0 m/s x 0.0020 s = 0.10 m). In the resting state, the outer surface of the axon wall is charged positively with K+ ions and the inner wall has an equal and opposite charge of negative organic ions, as shown in the figure below. Model the axon as a parallel-plate capacitor and take C = KE A/d and Q = CAV to investigate the charge as follows. Use typical values for a cylindrical axon of cell wall thickness d = 1.3 x 10-8 m, axon radius r = 1.3 × 10¹ μm, and cell-wall dielectric constant x = 2.1. Positive charge layer Negative charge layer External fluid + Axon wall membrane Internal fluid Axon radius = r + + How many sodium ions (Na+) is this? Na+ ions + (a) Calculate the positive charge on the outside of a 0.10-m piece of axon when it is not conducting an electric pulse. (Assume an initial potential difference of 7.0 x 10-² V.) C How many K+ ions are on…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781305952300Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
College PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781285737027Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris VuillePublisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781305952300
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
College Physics
Physics
ISBN:9781285737027
Author:Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher:Cengage Learning
DC Series circuits explained - The basics working principle; Author: The Engineering Mindset;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VV6tZ3Aqfuc;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY