Chapter 13, Problem 57A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The evaporation process, vapor process, and boiling point are to be described.

Concept introduction:

Kinetic energy is a type of energy that a moving object or particle possesses. Among, liquids, solids, and gases, gases possess the highest kinetic energy.

Explanation of Solution

Evaporation

The process of evaporation occurs on the surface of a liquid as it converts into the gas phase. This process is affected by the vapor process of surroundings. For example, a high concentration of the evaporating liquid in the surrounding gas considerably slows down evaporation. Depending on how they collide, the liquid's molecules transfer energy to one another during collisions. A molecule at the surface will escape and turn into a gas when it has enough energy to overcome the vapor pressure.

Vapor pressure and:

Vapor pressure rises with temperature and is a measurement of a substance's capacity to transform into a gaseous or vapor state.

Boiling point:

The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the pressure exerted by its surroundings equals the vapor pressure present at the liquid's surface.