Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 13, Problem 3QAP
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The given statement is true or false.
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The sun generates its energy through nuclear fusion, making helium from hydrogen. The main process by which this happens, called the proton-proton chain, goes as follows:
Two protons come together to create deuterium, a positron, a neutrino, and energy: p + p ⟶ D + e+ + ν + energy
The deuterium fuses with another proton to make 3He: D + p ⟶ 3He + energy
Fianlly, 4He is produced by fusing two 3He nuclei together: 3He + 3He ⟶ 4He + p + p + energy
What is the total energy released during the creation of one 4He nucleus? Give your answer in MeV, and remember that you need to make two 3He nuclei in the process. Be sure to use at least five significant figures for your masses, but your final answer should have three or four sig figs.
The sun’s energy comes from a reaction that combines four hydrogen atoms to create a helium atom plus two positrons: 41H → 4He + 2e+How much energy is released in this process?
14. In the β+ decay of nitrogen-12 (12.01864 u) into carbon-12 (12.00000 u), a positron with energy of 11.0 MeVis emitted. What is the energy of the electron neutrino? Assume the mass of the positron is 5.485799 x 10-4 u(same as an electron).
Chapter 13 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 13.1CYUCh. 13.2 - Prob. 13.2CYUCh. 13.3 - Prob. 13.3CYUCh. 13.4 - Prob. 13.4CYUCh. 13.5 - Prob. 13.5CYUCh. 13.6 - Prob. 13.6CYUCh. 13 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 4QAP
Ch. 13 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 31QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 13 - Prob. 45QAP
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- 17. Oxygen-19 is unstable and undergoes - decay. Anna has a sample of 1.000 × 10¹⁰ Oxygen-19 atoms at time t = 0. One minute later, at t = 60.00 s, there are 2.078 × 10⁹ Oxygen-19 atoms in her sample. What is the half-life of Oxygen-19, and how many decays per second will Anna measure at t = 90.00 s?arrow_forwardEinstein’s mass-energy equivalence equation states that E = mc2. Explain how the equation shows that nuclear reactions are a source of tremendous amount of energy.arrow_forwardQ1: The Higgs bosons was discovered at the LHC in 2012 and is a cornerstone for our understand of the origin of mass for fundamental particles. The Higgs boson's production cross section, with current LHC collision energies, is 48 pb. Assume total elastic cross section of protons scattering off of each other is about 100 mb. The luminosity of the LHC is about 1×1038 m-2s-1. How many scattered protons are produced per second in the LHC? How many Higgs bosons are produced per second?arrow_forward
- Assume that the protons in a hot ball of protons each have a kinetic energy equal to kT, where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the absolute temperature. If T = 1 * 10^7 K, what (approximately) is the least separation any two protons can have?arrow_forward10. An proton-antiproton pair is produced by a 1.95 x 10° MeV photon. What is the kinetic energy of the antiproton if the kinetic energy of the proton is 55.35 MeV? Use the following Joules-to-electron-Volts conversion 1eV = 1.602 x 10-19 J. The rest mass of a proton is 1.67 x 10-27 MeV kg. of19 0of19. 19 0of19 o0arrow_forward3. Neutron-proton collisions: Suppose a proton (m, = 9.3827 · 10°eV/c] with velocity , = (c/2). and a neutron m, = 9.3957 - 10°eV/c) with velocity un = (-2c/5)a collide in your lab and form an excited deuterium nucleus with mass ma. What are (a) ma and (b) the deuterium nucleus' velocity %3D %3D Proton Neutron Lab Frame View before the collisonarrow_forward
- 5. Consider the reaction e +pt →n+ +K¯ The mass of the electron (e¯) is 0.51 MeV/c², the mass of the rho (pt) is 775 MeV/c², the mass of the pion (7+) is 140 MeV/c², and the mass of the Kaon (K-) is 494 MeV/c2. Suppose this reaction occurs in a frame of reference where the rho is at rest, and the electron is moving with a momentum of 41 keV/c. What are the out-going momenta of the pion and the Kaon as a result of this reaction?arrow_forward2. Draw a Feynman diagram for each of the following reactions, provided it is allowed. If the reaction is forbidden explain why. μ → eveVμ τ' →μνμύτ Vμе- → Veft- Vμe+ → Vel+ Vμe+ → Vef+ Vμnμp VμP →μ+n eté → VμVμ ete- →T+T- e¯e → eearrow_forwardTwo ions containing a total of 98 protons, 59 electrons, & 126 neutrons are smashed together at the LHC (Large Hadron Collider). The aftermath of the collision contains neutrinos, neutrons, protons, & electrons. After the collision physicists detect 108 neutrinos, 28 neutrons, & 104 electrons. According to the Law of Conservaton of Charge, how many protons must also be present? number of protons present after collision =arrow_forward
- 2. Determine the reactions for the beam loaded as shown in figure 2/2 450KN 120 KN 2m 3 m 6 m 6 marrow_forwardThe mass of 1H is 1.007825 u and the mass of 1n is 1.008665 u. The mass of 12C is 12.000000 u, of 13N is 13.005739 u, and of 14N is 14.003074 u. What is the binding energy of the last proton in 13N?arrow_forward2. What is the mass difference in a nuclear reaction if the energy released is 2.98 x 10-11 J? (A) 3.31 x 1028 kg (B) 9.93 x 1020 kg (C) 2.78 × 108 kg (D) 8.94 x 103 kgarrow_forward
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