Biochemistry: Concepts and Connections (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134641621
Author: Dean R. Appling, Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill, Christopher K. Mathews
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 13, Problem 3P
Suppose that aconitase did not bind its substrate asymmetrically. What fraction of the carbon atoms introduced in one cycle as acetyl-CoA would be released in the first turn of the cycle? What fraction of the carbon atoms that entered in the first cycle would be released in the second turn?
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- In the first step of the TCA cycle the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is transferred to oxaloacetate to produce citrate. Where will the carbonyl carbon of that acetyl group be after the first CO2 is expelled? Group of answer choices The first carbon of α-ketoglutarate The last carbon of α-ketoglutarate The fourth carbon of α-ketoglutarate The third carbon of α-ketoglutaratearrow_forwardFor each of the steps below, choose (A) if the step pertains to b-oxidation, (B) if the step pertains to fatty acid synthesis, or (C) if the step is common to both processes. ______ Acetyl CoA is produced as a product.______ Activation (the committed step of the process) requires ATP hydrolysis. ______ Accumulated acetyl CoA serves as a substrate.______ The length of fatty acid carbon chain is modified in the mitochondria. ______ ACP acts as the acyl carrier.arrow_forwardConsider an acetyl CoA that enters the TCA cycle. Let’s call this cycle “Cycle 1.” Let’s say you put a radiolabel on the carbonyl carbon of acetyl CoA that will allow us to track this carbon through the TCA cycle. Now, trace its path through the TCA cycle and answer the following questions: (a) Does the carbonyl carbon of Acetyl CoA come out as CO2 in Cycle 1? (b) If your answer to (a) was No, in which cycle does it come out as CO2 (Cycle 2, 3, 4 …)arrow_forward
- If the carbonyl carbon of acetyl-CoA were marked with 14C, where would that carbon be located within oxaloacetate after one turn of the TCA cycle?arrow_forwardHow many protons are shuttled from the matrix to the intermembrane space by the products of the Kreb's Cycle as one molecule of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate are converted to one molecule of fumarate?arrow_forwardThe CO2 produced in one round of the citric acid cycle does not originate in the acetyl carbons that entered that round. (a) How many rounds are required before 14CO2 is released if acetyl-CoA is labeled at its methyl group? (b) If acetyl-CoA is labeled with 14C at its carbonyl carbon, how many rounds of the cycle are required before 14CO2 is released?arrow_forward
- Malate synthase, an enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle, catalyzes the condensa- tion of glyoxylate with acetyl-CoA. Which enzyme of the citric acid cycle carries out a similar reaction? Would you expect the binding of glyoxylate and acetyl-CoA to malate synthase to be sequential? Why?arrow_forwardCalculate the number of ATPs generated from the metabolic oxidation of the four carbons of acetoacetyl-CoA to CO2. Now consider the homolog derived from oxidation of an odd-numbered carbon chain, namely, propionoacetyl- CoA. Calculate the net ATP yield from oxidation of the five carbons of this compound to CO2.arrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle is shown. The methyl carbon in acetyl CoA is labeled with C14C14 (shown in red). Identify which of the carbons in each intermediate will be labeled in the first round of the cycle by selecting the indicated carbon(s). Each question has multiple options, please choose more than one. Which carbon(s) in α‑ketoglutarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 Which carbon(s) in succinyl‑CoA will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in succinate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in fumarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in malate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in oxaloacetate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4arrow_forward
- Calculate the number of ATPs generated from the metabolic oxidation of the four carbons of acetoacetyl-CoA to CO2. Now consider the homolog derived from oxidation of an odd-numbered carbon chain, namely, propionoacetyl-CoA. Calculate the net ATP yield from oxidation of the five carbons of this compound to CO2.arrow_forwardIn order to break the carbon-carbon bond of Acetyl-CoA in a way that does not harm the cell, citrate is produced in the TCA cycle. Explain how switching between 6-carbon, 5-carbon and 4-carbon metabolites eventually allows the two carbons of Acetyl-CoA to be converted to CO2 in a way that does not harm the cell.arrow_forwardWhat is unique about how acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 is regulated compared to any enzyme in glycolysis? Some phospholipid species can be phosphorylated beyond the phosphate attached to the #3 carbon. Describe the likely structure of such a phospholipid. Would the mass / charge (m/z) ratio of this molecular increase or decrease upon modification? Mechanistically, how does NADPH facilitate the removal of an oxygen atom from intermediates in fatty acid synthesis? Will a phosphatidylcholine or a phosphatidylethanolamine have a larger mass / charge (m/z) ratio?arrow_forward
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