Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 21TYK
Which of the following statements describes why or how recombinant chromosomes add to genetic variability?
- a. They are formed as a result of random fertilization when two sets of chromosomes combine in a zygote.
- b. They randomly orient during metaphase II, and the nonequivalent sister chromatids separate in anaphase II.
- c. Genetic material from two parents is combined on the same chromosome.
- d. Both b and c are true.
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Even though the processes are very similar, mitosis and meiosis are two very distinct processes. What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
a.
Mitosis results in two identical sister cells genetically identical to the original parent cell, while meiosis also starts with diploid but results in haploid cells.
b.
Mitosis only occurs in plants and single cell organisms, while meiosis only occurs in animals.
c.
Mitosis starts with diploid but results in haploid cells, while meiosis results in two identical sister cells genetically identical to the original parent cell.
The following image shows one specific stage of meiosis. Which of the following correctly states what is occurring in this stage?
A. Microtubules have begun to pull sister chromatids apart, pulling them toward the poles of the cells. There are two cells at this stage.
B. Microtubules have begun to pull homologous chromosomes apart, pulling them toward the poles of the cell. There is only one cell at this stage.
C. Microtubules have attached to the chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the midpoint of the cell. There is only one cell at this stage.
D. The chromosomes have reached the poles of the cell. There are technically two cells, but cytokinesis has begun in each.
How would each of the following events affect the outcome of mitosis or meiosis? a. Mitotic cohesin fails to form early in mitosis. b. Shugoshin is absent during meiosis. c. Shugoshin does not break down after anaphase I of meiosis. d. Separase is defective.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 13 - a. How many chromosomes are there in the somatic...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2IQCh. 13 - The following diagrams represent some of the...Ch. 13 - a. How many different assortments of maternal and...Ch. 13 - Label the following diagram to review the terms...Ch. 13 - Describe the key events of the following stages of...Ch. 13 - Create a concept map to help you organize your...Ch. 13 - What does meiosis do? a. It produces haploid cells...Ch. 13 - Asexual reproduction of a diploid organism a. is...Ch. 13 - Homologous chromosomes a. have identical DNA...
Ch. 13 - Which of the following represents a clone? a. a...Ch. 13 - What is a karyotype? a. a genotype of an...Ch. 13 - A reduction in the number of chromosomes per cell...Ch. 13 - In most fungi and some protists, a. Gametes are...Ch. 13 - In the alternation of generations found in plants,...Ch. 13 - A synaptonemal complex would be found during a....Ch. 13 - During meiosis I, a. Homologous chromosomes...Ch. 13 - Compared with one of the four cells produced by...Ch. 13 - Meiosis II is similar to mitosis because a. sister...Ch. 13 - The Texan nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus...Ch. 13 - Which of the following is a key difference between...Ch. 13 - Which of the following is not true of homologous...Ch. 13 - Which of the following statements is not true? a....Ch. 13 - In a species with a diploid number of 6, how many...Ch. 13 - In a sexually reproducing species with a diploid...Ch. 13 - The calculation of offspring in question 18...Ch. 13 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 13 - Which of the following statements describes why or...Ch. 13 - What is the evolutionary significance of bdelloid...
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- Which of the following is the primary difference between mitosis and meiosis? A. Meiosis occurs in somatic cells, whereas mitosis is only used to produce germ cells. B. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, whereas meiosis is only used to produce germ cells. C. Meiosis always occurs much more quickly than mitosis. D. Only meiosis includes a separation division step, which occurs during Meiosis I.arrow_forwardHumans produce skin cells by mitosis and gametes by meiosis. Which of the following statements about the nuclei of skin cells is correct? a. They contain half as much DNA as the nuclei of gametes produced by meiosis. b. They contain four times as much DNA as the nuclei of gametes produced by meiosis. c. They contain the same amount of DNA as the nuclei of gametes produced by meiosis. d. They contain twice as much DNA as the nuclei of gametes produced by meiosis.arrow_forwardA diploid male organism has two homologous chromosomes. A and B are from its maternal parent, while A’ and B’ are from its paternal parent. Draw the chromosomes at the following stages: a, anaphase of mitosis b. anaphase of the first meiotic division c, anaphase of the second meiotic division If the same chromosomes were involved in meiosis in a female, would the kind of egg nuclei produced be different from the sperm nuclei? Why?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is not true in regard to crossover? a. Spindle microtubules guide the transfer of DNA across the synaptonemal complex. b. Nonsister chromatids exchange genetic material. c. Chiasmata are formed. d. Recombination nodules mark the crossover point.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true regarding homologous pairs of chromosomes? Select all that apply. A. They are the same size B. Their prescence indicates a cell is a diploid C. They are identical copies of one another D. One of the homologous chromosomes in a set is synthesized during S phase E. They line up next to each other during metaphase I of meiosis F. They are separated in anaphase I of meiosisarrow_forwardIf a cell has completed the first meiotic division and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents? a. It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis. b. It has the same number of chromosomes but each of them has different alleles than another cell form the same meiosis. c. If has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the originating cell. d. It is identical in content to another cell form the same meiosis. e. It has twice the amount of DNA as the parent cell.arrow_forward
- In animals, which of the following distinguishes meiosis from mitosis? a. Meiosis is a form of asexual division, whereas mitosis is a form of sexual division. b. In mitosis, single loops of DNA are copied, whereas meiosis involves multiple linear chromosomes. O c. Mitosis is used for the repair of cells, whereas meiosis creates cells for sexual reproduction. d. Mitosis occurs in prokaryotic cells, whereas meiosis occurs in eukaryotic cells.arrow_forwardDown's syndrome, trisomy 21, is due to what likely problem during meiosis? Select one: a. Failure of the APC to add Ub to cohesins, so sister chromatids due not split correctly in anaphase II. b. DNA replication issues causing an additional third chromosome to be replicated. c. Overactive APC adding to many Ub to cohesins, so sister chromatids due not split correctly in anaphase II. d. Failure of the MPF to add Ub to cohesins, so sister chromatids due not split correctly in anaphase II.arrow_forwardWhat two processes are responsible for generating genetic diversity in gametes? Select one or more: a. Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes b. Separation of sister chromatids c. Recombination (“crossing over”) of sister chromatids d. Recombination (“crossing over”) of homologous chromosomesarrow_forward
- Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding human chromosomes? A. The chromosome number in humans is 2n=46. B. Gametes have half number of the chromosomes as in somatic cells. C. There are 22 pairs of autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes. D. Liver cells can be polyploids. They can have 23, 46, 69 or 92 chromosomes.arrow_forward2) A. Explain how polyribosomes form. B. Why might you expect the insertion of 3 DNA base pairs to be less disruptive than th deletion of a single base pair? C. Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis with respect to their genetic outcomes? D. What are the possible consequences of non-disjunction during cell division? E. How does meiosis increase genetic diversity in populations?arrow_forwardA cell has 8 chromosomes in metaphase II of meiosis. How many chromosomes and DNA molecules will be present per cell in this same organism at the following stages? a. Prophase of mitosis b. Metaphase I of meiosis c. Anaphase of mitosis d. Anaphase II of meiosis e. Anaphase I of meiosis f. After cytokinesis that follows mitosis g. After cytokinesis that follows meiosis IIarrow_forward
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