Integrated Science
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780077862602
Author: Tillery, Bill W.
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill,
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Chapter 13, Problem 15CQ
To determine
The origin of comets and explain the interest of astronomers in studying the physical and chemical structure of a comet.
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The mass of an average comet's nucleus is about 1.0 x 1014
kg. If the Oort cloud contains 2.0 x 101 comet nuclei, what is the mass of the cloud in
units of Earth masses? (Note: Earth's mass is 5.97 x 1024 kg.)
M.
Compare that with Saturn's mass. (Note: Saturn's mass in units of Earth's mass is 95.2 M.)
mass of the Oort cloud
mass of Saturn
The mass of an average comet's nucleus is about 1.0 x 1014 kg. If the Oort cloud contains 2.0 x 1011 comet nuclei, what is the mass of the cloud in units of Earth masses? (Note: Earth's mass is
5.97 x 1024 kg.)
M.
Compare that with Saturn's mass. (Note: Saturn's mass in units of Earth's mass is 95.2 Ma)
mass of the Oort cloud
mass of Saturn
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Integrated Science
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1SCCh. 13.1 - Prob. 2SCCh. 13.1 - Prob. 3SCCh. 13.1 - Prob. 4SCCh. 13.1 - Prob. 5SCCh. 13.2 - Prob. 6SCCh. 13.2 - Prob. 7SCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 8SCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 9SCCh. 13.3 - Prob. 10SC
Ch. 13 - Describe the protoplanet nebular model of the...Ch. 13 - What are the basic differences between the...Ch. 13 - Prob. 3CQCh. 13 - Prob. 4CQCh. 13 - Prob. 5CQCh. 13 - Prob. 6CQCh. 13 - Prob. 7CQCh. 13 - Prob. 8CQCh. 13 - Prob. 9CQCh. 13 - Prob. 10CQCh. 13 - Prob. 11CQCh. 13 - Prob. 12CQCh. 13 - Prob. 13CQCh. 13 - Prob. 14CQCh. 13 - Prob. 15CQCh. 13 - Prob. 16CQCh. 13 - Prob. 17CQCh. 13 - Prob. 18CQCh. 13 - Prob. 19CQCh. 13 - What are the significant similarities and...Ch. 13 - Prob. 21CQCh. 13 - Prob. 22CQCh. 13 - Prob. 23CQCh. 13 - Prob. 24CQCh. 13 - Prob. 25CQCh. 13 - Prob. 1PEACh. 13 - Prob. 2PEACh. 13 - Prob. 3PEACh. 13 - Prob. 4PEACh. 13 - Prob. 5PEACh. 13 - Prob. 6PEACh. 13 - Prob. 1PEBCh. 13 - Prob. 2PEBCh. 13 - Prob. 3PEBCh. 13 - Prob. 4PEBCh. 13 - Prob. 5PEBCh. 13 - Prob. 6PEB
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- The European Space Agency’s (ESA) Rosetta mission reached Comet 67P at the time when the comet approached perihelion. Figure 20 shows jets emerging from the comet. Do these images confirm that comets are ‘dirty snowballs’? Why, or why not?arrow_forwardCalculate the orbital period of a comet nucleus in the Oort cloud.arrow_forwardWhy is the composition of a comet typically dominated by volatile materials (frozen ices)? choose one of the following: a. rock and metal could not condense out of the solar nebula at extreme distances from the sun b. most of the metal in the solar system is locked up inside the terrestrial planets c. metals are not stable in the outer solar system d. elements that form ices (as opposed to rock & metals) are more abundant in our solar systemarrow_forward
- A comet’s perihelion distance is 1 AU, and its aphelion distance is 15 AU. In the following, we make a very crude calculation of the average rate of shrinkage of the comet.(a) Calculate the comet’s orbital period.(b) Estimate how many meters of ice the comet will lose each time it orbits the Sun. (Hint: To simplify the calculations, you may assume that ice sublimates off the comet’s surface during one tenth of its orbital period, that the average cometary distance over that period is 1.5 AU and the density of the cometary ice is 600 kg m−3.)arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a meteoroid and an asteroid? Is there a sharp distinction?arrow_forwardIn what ways are meteorites different from meteors? What is the probable origin of each?arrow_forward
- We believe that chains of comet fragments like Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9’s have collided not only with the jovian planets, but occasionally with their moons. What sort of features would you look for on the outer planet moons to find evidence of such collisions? (As an extra bonus, can you find any images of such features on a moon like Callisto? You can use an online site of planetary images, such as the Planetary Photojournal, at photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov.)arrow_forwardThis is a challenging problem. Solve it on paper, writing out each step carefully. When doing calculations, do not round intermediate values. Note: If you have approached the problem in a principled way, do not abandon your approach if your numerical answer is not accepted; check your calculations! This problem is closely related to the spectacular impact of the comet Shoemaker-Levy with Jupiter in July 1994. (More information about the event can be found here.) A rock far outside a solar system similar to ours is initially moving very slowly relative to its sun, in the plane of the orbit of a large planet (about the size of Jupiter) around its sun. The rock falls toward the sun, but on its way to the sun it collides with the planet. The mass of the planet is 4 x 1027 kg, the mass of its sun is 3.2 x 1030 kg, the radius of the planet is 1.4 x 10® m, and the center-to-center distance from the planet to the sun is 9.2 x 1011 m. Part 1 (a) Calculate the rock's speed just before it…arrow_forwardOn February 7, 1999, NASA launched a spacecraft with the ambitious mission of making a close encounter with a comet, collecting samples from its tail, and returning the samples to Earth for analysis. This spacecraft, appropriately named Stardust, took almost five years to rendezvous with its objective-comet Wild 2 (pronounced "Vilt 2")-and another two years to return its samples. The reason for the long round trip is that the spacecraft had to make three orbits around the Sun, and also an Earth Gravity Assist (EGA) flyby, to increase its speed enough to put it in an orbit appropriate for the encounter.When Stardust finally reached comet Wild 2 on January 2, 2004, it flew within 147 miles of the comet's nucleus, snapping pictures and collecting tiny specks of dust in the glistening coma. The approach speed between the spacecraft and the comet at the encounter was a relatively "slow" 6200 m/s, so that dust particles could be collected safely without destroying the vehicle. Note that…arrow_forward
- Explain the three dimensional equations of motion of the comet?arrow_forwardFor the following, determine whether the type of explanation offered is theoretical (the kind used in inference to the best explanation) or nontheoretical (e.g., teleological, interpretive, procedural). No one noticed the comet before because of cloud cover.arrow_forwardA typical comet contains some 1013 kg of water ice. How many comets would have to strike Earth in order to account for the roughly 2×1021 kg of water presently found on our planet? If this amount of water accumulated over a period of 500 million years, how frequently must Earth have been hit by comets during that time?arrow_forward
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