Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Chapter 12.7, Problem 3CC
Briefly describe the pathways for triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis. Of what importance are phosphatidic acid and CDP-diacylglycerol?
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1. Chylomicrons are the transport form of triacylglycerols, aren’t they?
2. Can glycerin in a living cell be converted to 3-phosphoglyceric aldehyde?
3. Is phosphatidic acid a common metabolite in the synthesis of triacylglycerols and phosphatidylcholine?
A common structural feature of membrane lipids is their amphipathic nature. For example, in phosphatidylcholine, the two fatty acid chains are hydrophobic and the phosphocholine head group is hydrophilic. For each of the following membrane lipids, name the components that are hydrophilic and hydrophobic..
a)phosphatidylethanolamine
b) sphingomyelin
c) galactosylcerebroside
d) ganglioside
e) cholesterol
Describe the differences between lecithin and cephalin. Draw the structure of a glycerophospholipid containing two molecules of stearic acid and ethanolamine.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 12.1 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is self-assembly? What...Ch. 12.3 - MICRO INQUIRY How might acetyl-CoA be used by the...Ch. 12.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Briefly describe the three...Ch. 12.3 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Which two enzymes are...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1MICh. 12.4 - MICROINQUIRY What is the difference between Lipid...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What is gluconeogenesis?...
Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Describe the formation of...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Suppose a microorganism is...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply Diagram the steps involved...Ch. 12.4 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply What would happen to a cell...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 1MICh. 12.5 - Prob. 2MICh. 12.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 12.5 - How do organisms assimilate sulfur? How does...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 5CCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 6CCCh. 12.5 - Describe the glyoxylate cycle. How is it similar...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 8CCCh. 12.6 - How is phosphorus assimilated? What roles do...Ch. 12.6 - Explain the difference between a purine and a...Ch. 12.6 - Outline the way in which purines and pyrimidines...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 12.7 - How are unsaturated fatty acids made?Ch. 12.7 - Briefly describe the pathways for triacylglycerol...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 4CCCh. 12.7 - Activated carriers participate in carbohydrate,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RCCh. 12 - Prob. 2RCCh. 12 - Prob. 3RCCh. 12 - Prob. 4RCCh. 12 - Prob. 5RCCh. 12 - Prob. 6RCCh. 12 - Prob. 7RCCh. 12 - What would happen if a microorganism that depended...Ch. 12 - Intermediary carriers are in a limited supply:...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3AL
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- Phosphatidylinositol is formed using phospholipid synthesis strategy #1. Given this information, which of the following statements is true? (A) CTP reacts with diacylglycerol.(B) Synthesis of phosphatidylinositol requires functional lipin enzyme.(C) Synthesis of phosphatidylinositol requires that the alcohol head group is activated. (D) CDP-inositol reacts with diacylglycerol.(E) CDP-diacylglycerol reacts with inositol.arrow_forwardThe venom of the Eastern diamondback rattler and the Indian cobra contains phospholipase A2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of fatty acids at the C-2 position of glycerophospholipids. The phospholipid breakdownproduct of this reaction is lysolecithin (lecithin is phosphatidylcholine). At high concentrations, this and other lysophospholipids act as detergents, dissolving the membranes of erythrocytes and lysing the cells. Extensive hemolysis may be lifethreatening.(a) All detergents are amphipathic. What are the hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of lysolecithin?(b) The pain and inflammation caused by a snake bite can be treated with certain steroids. What is the basis of this treatment?(c) Though the high levels of phospholipase A2 in venom can be deadly, this enzyme is necessary for a variety of normal metabolic processes. What are these processes?arrow_forwardWhen the activated form of alcohol is used to synthesize glycerophospholipids, CDP-alcohol reacts with diacylglycerol to form glycerophospholipids. In this metabolic pathway, diacylglycerol is most likely produced by: a) Triacylglycerol lipase b) Phosphatidate phosphorylase c) Diacylglycerol lipase d) All of the above e) None of the abovearrow_forward
- Illustrate and explain the difference between α-D-glucopyranose and β-D-glucopyranose structures.arrow_forwardA common structural feature of membrane lipids is their amphipathic nature. For example, in phosphatidylcholine, the two fatty acid chains are hydrophobic and the phosphocholine head group is hydrophilic. For each of the following membrane lipids, name the components that serve as the hydrophobic and hydrophilic units: (a) phosphatidylethanolamine; (b) sphingomyelin; (c) galactosylcerebroside; (d) ganglioside; (e) cholesterol.arrow_forwardCompare the role of CTP in phosphoglyceride synthesis with the role of UTP in glycogen synthesis.arrow_forward
- The diversity of functional groups on sugars that can form glycosidic bonds greatly increases the information content of glycans relative to oligopeptides. Consider three amino acids, A, B, and C. How many tripeptides can be formed from one molecule of each amino acid? Now consider three sugars- glucose, glucuronic acid, and N-acetylglucosamine. Use shorthand (eg., Glca(1 → 4)GICUAB(1 → 4)GICNAC) to represent 10 trisaccharides with the sequence Glc-GlcUA-GluNAc. Is your list exhaustive?arrow_forwardAcetylating agents such as acetic anhydride react preferentially with primaryamines, iodoacetate reacts preferentially with sulfhydryl groups (see Tools of Biochemistry 5B), and ATP-dependent kinases preferentially add a phosphoryl group to side-chain hydroxyl or phenolic —OH groups. Which amino acid side chains, or main-chain groups, in a polypeptide are most likely to be modified by treatment with:(a) acetic anhydride(b) iodoacetate(c) a kinase + ATParrow_forwardThe diversity of functional groups on sugars that can form glycosidicbonds greatly increases the information content of glycans relative to oligopeptides. Consider three amino acids, A, B, and C. How many tripeptides can be formed from one molecule of each amino acid? Now considerthree sugars—glucose, glucuronic acid, and N-acetylglucosamine. Use shorthand (e.g., Glcα(1 → 4)GlcUAβ(1 → 4)GlcNAc to represent 10 trisaccharides with the sequence Glc-GlcUA-GluNAc. Is your list exhaustive?arrow_forward
- Glucose-1-phosphate has a higher phosphoryl group transferpotential than does glucose-6-phosphate. Review the structures of these molecules and suggest a reason for thisphenomenon.arrow_forwardIt is important to note that galactose is an important component of glyco- proteins. What is the effect on glycoprotein synthesis in case of galactosemic patients who are not given galactose in their diet? Explain this observation.arrow_forwardWrite the structure of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-galactosamine.arrow_forward
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