Consider the reaction
i. Estimate a range (as, small as possible) for the requested substance. For example, [A] could be between 95 M and 100 M.
ii. Explain how you decided on the limits for the estimated range.
iii. Indicate what other information would enable you to narrow your estimated range.
iv. Compare the estimated concentrations for a through d. and explain any differences.
a. If at equilibrium [A]= 1 M. and then 1 mole of C is added, estimate the value for [A] once equilibrium is reestablished.
b. If at equilibrium [B] = 1 M, and then 1 mole of C is added, estimate the value for [B] once equilibrium is reestablished.
c. If at equilibrium [C] = 1 M, and then 1 mole of C is added, estimate the value for [C] once equilibrium is reestablished.
d. If at equilibrium [D] = 1 M, and then 1 mole of C is added, estimate the value for [D] once equilibrium is reestablished.
(a)
Interpretation: Answers for the questions for each of the given situations are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Chemical equilibrium is a state of a system in which the rate of forward and backward reactions is equal. It is affected by various factors such as concentration of reactants or products, temperature and pressure.
To determine: The value of
Answer to Problem 5ALQ
Answer
The equilibrium concentration of
Explanation of Solution
Explanation
The given reaction is,
The equilibrium constant
It is given that at equilibrium,
The new equilibrium constant
Since the equilibrium is reestablished. Therefore, the new equilibrium constant
Substitute the value of
(a)(ii)
To determine: An explanation for deciding the limits for the estimated range.
Answer
The limits were decided for the estimated range.
The equilibrium constant expression is important in deciding the limits for the estimated range. It allows us to predict several important features of the reaction: the tendency of the reaction to occur but it does not tell about the speed of the reaction.
(iii)
To determine: The other information that enable to narrow the estimated range.
Answer
The other information involves temperature and pressure.
The equilibrium constant changes with temperature. If energy is added to a system in equilibrium, the position of equilibrium will be in the direction that consumes energy. Therefore, the equilibrium will shift in reverse direction. When pressure of a system in equilibrium is increased, the equilibrium will shift toward the side having fewer moles of gas.
(iv)
To determine: The comparison of estimated concentrations for a through d and explanation for the differences.
Answer
The comparison of estimated concentrations for a through d is done.
The given reaction is,
In each of the given case, one mole of product
(b)
Interpretation: Answers for the questions for each of the given situations are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Chemical equilibrium is a state of a system in which the rate of forward and backward reactions is equal. It is affected by various factors such as concentration of reactants or products, temperature and pressure.
To determine: The value of
Answer to Problem 5ALQ
Answer
The equilibrium concentration of
Explanation of Solution
Explanation
The given reaction is,
The equilibrium constant
It is given that at equilibrium,
The new equilibrium constant
Since the equilibrium is reestablished. Therefore, the new equilibrium constant
Therefore, the equilibrium concentration of
(ii)
To determine: An explanation for deciding the limits for the estimated range.
Solution
The limits were decided for the estimated range.
The equilibrium constant expression is important in deciding the limits for the estimated range. It allows us to predict several important features of the reaction: the tendency of the reaction to occur but it does not tell about the speed of the reaction.
(iii)
To determine: The other information that enable to narrow the estimated range.
Answer
The other information involves temperature and pressure.
The equilibrium constant changes with temperature. If energy is added to a system in equilibrium, the position of equilibrium will be in the direction that consumes energy. Therefore, the equilibrium will shift in reverse direction. When pressure of a system in equilibrium is increased, the equilibrium will shift toward the side having fewer moles of gas.
(iv)
To determine: The comparison of estimated concentrations for a through d and explanation for the differences.
Answer
The comparison of estimated concentrations for a through d is done.
The given reaction is,
In each of the given case, one mole of product
(c)
Interpretation: Answers for the questions for each of the given situations are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Chemical equilibrium is a state of a system in which the rate of forward and backward reactions is equal. It is affected by various factors such as concentration of reactants or products, temperature and pressure.
To determine: The value of
Answer to Problem 5ALQ
Answer
There will be a change in concentration of
Explanation of Solution
Explanation
The given reaction is,
The equilibrium constant
It is given that at equilibrium,
Therefore, the equilibrium concentration of
(ii)
To determine: An explanation for deciding the limits for the estimated range.
Answer
The limits were decided for the estimated range.
The equilibrium constant expression is important in deciding the limits for the estimated range. It allows us to predict several important features of the reaction: the tendency of the reaction to occur but it does not tell about the speed of the reaction.
(iii)
To determine: The other information that enable to narrow the estimated range.
Answer
The other information involves temperature and pressure.
The equilibrium constant changes with temperature. If energy is added to a system in equilibrium, the position of equilibrium will be in the direction that consumes energy. Therefore, the equilibrium will shift in reverse direction. When pressure of a system in equilibrium is increased, the equilibrium will shift toward the side having fewer moles of gas.
(iv)
To determine: The comparison of estimated concentrations for a through d and explanation for the differences.
Answer
The comparison of estimated concentrations for a through d is done.
The given reaction is,
In each of the given case, one mole of product
(d)
Interpretation: Answers for the questions for each of the given situations are to be stated.
Concept introduction: Chemical equilibrium is a state of a system in which the rate of forward and backward reactions is equal. It is affected by various factors such as concentration of reactants or products, temperature and pressure.
(i)
To determine: The value of
Answer to Problem 5ALQ
Answer
There will be a change in concentration of
Explanation of Solution
Explanation
The given reaction is,
It is given that at equilibrium,
The new equilibrium constant
Since the equilibrium is reestablished. Therefore, the new equilibrium constant
Therefore, the equilibrium concentration of
(ii)
To determine: An explanation for deciding the limits for the estimated range.
Answer
The limits were decided for the estimated range.
The equilibrium constant expression is important in deciding the limits for the estimated range. It allows us to predict several important features of the reaction: the tendency of the reaction to occur but it does not tell about the speed of the reaction.
(iii)
To determine: The other information that enable to narrow the estimated range.
Answer
The other information involves temperature and pressure.
The equilibrium constant changes with temperature. If energy is added to a system in equilibrium, the position of equilibrium will be in the direction that consumes energy. Therefore, the equilibrium will shift in reverse direction. When pressure of a system in equilibrium is increased, the equilibrium will shift toward the side having fewer moles of gas.
(iv)
To determine: The comparison of estimated concentrations for a through d and explanation for the differences.
Answer
The comparison of estimated concentrations for a through d is done.
The given reaction is,
In each of the given case, one mole of product
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Chapter 12 Solutions
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