Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168390
Author: Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 53E
What is the activation energy of a reaction, and how is this energy related to the activated complex of the reaction?
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Ch. 12 - What is the difference between average rate,...Ch. 12 - Ozone decomposes to oxygen according to the...Ch. 12 - In the nuclear industry, chlorine trifluoride is...Ch. 12 - A study of the rate of dimerization of C4H6 gave...Ch. 12 - A study of the rate of the reaction represented as...Ch. 12 - Consider the following reaction in aqueous...Ch. 12 - Describe the effect of each of the following on...Ch. 12 - Explain why an egg cooks move slowly in boiling...Ch. 12 - Go to the PhET Reactions and change to Angled...Ch. 12 - In the PhET Reactions tab to observe how multiple...
Ch. 12 - In the PhET Reactions under Options. (a) Leave...Ch. 12 - How do the rate of a reaction and its rate...Ch. 12 - Doubling the concentration of a reactant increases...Ch. 12 - Tripling the concentration of a reactant increases...Ch. 12 - How much and in what direction will each of the...Ch. 12 - How will each of the following affect the rate of...Ch. 12 - Regular ?ights of supersonic aircraft in the...Ch. 12 - Radioactive phosphorus is used in the study of...Ch. 12 - The rate constant for the radioactive decay of 14C...Ch. 12 - The decomposition of acetaldehyde is a second...Ch. 12 - Alcohol is removed from the bloodstream by a...Ch. 12 - Under certain conditions the decomposition of...Ch. 12 - Nitrosyl chloride, NOCI, decomposes to NO and CI2....Ch. 12 - From the following data, determine the rate...Ch. 12 - Nitrogen monoxide reacts with chlorine according...Ch. 12 - Hydrogen reacts with nitrogen monoxide to form...Ch. 12 - For the reaction AB+C, the following data were...Ch. 12 - For the reaction QW+X, the following data were...Ch. 12 - The rate constant for the ?rst-order decomposition...Ch. 12 - The annual production of HNO3 in 2013 was 60...Ch. 12 - The following data have been determined for the...Ch. 12 - Describe how graphical methods can be used to...Ch. 12 - Use the data provided to graphically determine the...Ch. 12 - Use the data provided in a graphical method to...Ch. 12 - Pure ozone decomposes slowly to oxygen, 2O33O2(g)....Ch. 12 - From the given data, use a graphical method to...Ch. 12 - What is the half-life for the first-order decay of...Ch. 12 - What is the half-life for the first-order decay of...Ch. 12 - What is the half-life for the decomposition of...Ch. 12 - What is the half-life for the decomposition of O3...Ch. 12 - The reaction of compound A to give compounds C and...Ch. 12 - The half-life of a reaction of compound A to give...Ch. 12 - Some bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic...Ch. 12 - Both technetium-99 and thallium-201 are used to...Ch. 12 - There are two molecules with the formula C3H6...Ch. 12 - Fluorine-18 is a radioactive isotope that decays...Ch. 12 - Suppose that the half-life of steroids taken by an...Ch. 12 - Recently, the skeleton of King Richard III was...Ch. 12 - Nitroglycerine is an extremely sensitive...Ch. 12 - For the past 10 years, the unsaturated hydrocarbon...Ch. 12 - Chemical reactions occur when reactants collide....Ch. 12 - When every collision between reactants leads to a...Ch. 12 - What is the activation energy of a reaction, and...Ch. 12 - Account for the relationship between the rate of a...Ch. 12 - Describe how graphical methods can be used to...Ch. 12 - How does an increase in temperature affect rate of...Ch. 12 - The rate of a certain reaction doubles for every...Ch. 12 - In an experiment, a sample of NaClO3 was 90%...Ch. 12 - The rate constant at 325 C for the decomposition...Ch. 12 - The rate constant for the decomposition of...Ch. 12 - An elevated level of the enzyme alkaline...Ch. 12 - In terms of collision theory, to which of the...Ch. 12 - Hydrogen iodide, HI, decomposes in the gas phase...Ch. 12 - The element Co exists in two oxidation states,...Ch. 12 - The hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars...Ch. 12 - Use the PhET Reactions Single collision" tab of...Ch. 12 - Use the PhET Reactions Single collision tab of the...Ch. 12 - Why awe elementary reactions involving three or...Ch. 12 - In general, can we predict the effect of doubling...Ch. 12 - Define these terms: (a) unimolecular reaction (b)...Ch. 12 - What is the rate equation for the elementary...Ch. 12 - Given the following reactions and the...Ch. 12 - Write the rate equation for each of the following...Ch. 12 - Nitrogen (Il) oxide, NO, reacts with hydrogen, H2,...Ch. 12 - Experiments were conducted to study the rate of...Ch. 12 - The reaction of CO with CI2 gives phosgene...Ch. 12 - . Account for the increase in reaction rate...Ch. 12 - Compare the functions of homogeneous and...Ch. 12 - Consider this scenario and answer the following...Ch. 12 - For each of the following pairs of reaction...Ch. 12 - For each of the following pairs of reaction...Ch. 12 - For each of the following reaction diagrams,...Ch. 12 - For each of the following reaction diagrams,...Ch. 12 - Based on the diagrams in Exercise 12.83, which of...Ch. 12 - Based on the diagram in Exercise 12.83, which of...
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- What is the role of the activated complex in a chemical reaction?arrow_forwardBy which of the following mechanisms does a catalyst operate? a. It decreases the activation energy barrier for a reaction. b. It serves as a reactant and is consumed. c. It increases the temperature of a reaction. d. It increases the concentration of reactants.arrow_forwardSketch energy diagrams to represent each of the following. Label the diagrams completely and tell how they are similar to each other and how they are different. a. Exothermic exergonic reaction with activation energy b. Exothermic exergonic reaction without activation energyarrow_forward
- Apply collision theory to explain why increasing the concentration of a reactant usually increases the reaction rate.arrow_forwardDraw an energy diagram graph for an endothermic reaction where no catalyst is present. Then draw an energy diagram graph for the same reaction when a catalyst is present. Indicate the similarities and differences between the two diagrams.arrow_forwardWhy are enzymes important? For example, what is the importance of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the body?arrow_forward
- If AB is exothermic, how does the activation energyfor the forward reaction compare with the activationenergy for the reverse reaction (AB) ?arrow_forwardWhat is the value of the equilibrium constant of a reaction if the forward rate constant was 2.8102M1s1 and the reverse rate constant was 3.6104M1s1?arrow_forwardClassify each of the following statements as true or false. aSome equilibria depend on a steady supply of a reactant in order to maintain the equilibrium. bBoth forward and reverse reactions continue after equilibrium is reached. cEvery time reactant molecules collide, there is a reaction. dPotential energy during a collision is greater than potential energy before or after the collision. eThe properties of a transition state are between those of the reactants and products. fActivation energy is positive for both the forward and reverse reactions. gKinetic energy is changed to potential energy during a collision. hAn increase in temperature speeds the forward reaction but slows the reverse reaction. iA catalyst changes the steps by which a reaction is completed. jAn increase in concentration of a substance on the right-hand side of an equation speeds the reverse reaction rate. kAn increase in the concentration of a substance in an equilibrium increases the reaction rate in which the substance is a product. lReducing the volume of a gaseous equilibrium shifts the equilibrium in the direction of fewer gaseous molecules. mRaising temperature results in a shift in the forward direction of an endothermic equilibrium. nThe value of an equilibrium constant depends on temperature. oA large K indicates that an equilibrium is favored in the reverse direction.arrow_forward
- Sketch an energy diagram graph representing an exothermic reaction, and label the following. a. Average energy of reactants b. Average energy of products c. Activation energy d. Amount of energy liberated during the reactionarrow_forwardDefine the terms product-favored System and reactant-favored System. Give one example of each.arrow_forwardSubstances that poison a catalyst pose a major concern for many engineering designs, including those for catalytic converters. One design option is to add materials that react with potential poisons before they reach the catalyst. Among the commonly encountered catalyst poisons are silicon and phosphorus, which typically form phosphate or silicate ions in the oxidizing environment of an engine. Group 2 elements are added to the catalyst to react with these contaminants before they reach the working portion of the catalytic converter. If estimates show that a catalytic converter will be exposed to 625 g of silicon during its lifetime, what mass of beryllium would need to be included in the design?arrow_forward
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