Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Question
Chapter 12, Problem 4QAP
To determine
Whether the statement is true or false.
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The chemical abundance of population I stars
a.
indicates that they were formed before the population II stars.
b.
indicates that the material they formed from had been enriched with material from supernovae.
c.
indicates that they contain very few heavy metals compared to halo stars.
d.
depends on the temperature of the star.
e.
depends on the mass of the star.
The diagram below shows an H-R diagram with life track of a 1-solar-mass star, with various stages labeled A through E.
Temperature
What will happen to the star after stage E?
A. It will gain mass until it collapses under its own weight.
B. It will begin burning carbon in its core.
C. It will explode in a supernova.
D. It will collapse to make a neutron star.
E. It will eject a planetary nebula.
Luminosity →
Place the following events in the formation of stars in the proper chronological
sequence, with the oldest first and the youngest last.
w. the gas and dust in the nebula flatten to a disk shape due to gravity
and a steadily increasing rate of angular rotation
x. a star emerges when the mass is great enough and the temperature is
high enough to trigger thermonuclear fusion in the core
y. the rotation of the nebular cloud increases as gas and dust
concentrates by gravity within the growing protostar in the center
z. some force, perhaps from a nearby supernova, imparts a rotation to a
nebular cloud
y, then z, then w, then x
z, then y, then w, then x
w, then y, then z, then x
z, then x, then w, then y
x, then z, then y, then w
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 12.1CYUCh. 12.2 - Prob. 12.2CYUCh. 12.3 - Prob. 12.3CYUCh. 12.4 - Prob. 12.4CYUCh. 12.5 - Prob. 12.5CYUCh. 12.6 - Prob. 12.6CYUCh. 12 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 4QAP
Ch. 12 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 45QAP
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- Which of the following statements about various stages of core nuclear burning (hydrogen, helium, carbon, etc.) in a high- mass star is not true? A. As each stage ends, the core shrinks and heats further. B. Each successive stage creates an element with a higher atomic number and atomic mass number. C. As each stage ends, the reactions that occurred in previous stages continue in shells around the core. D.Each successive stage lasts for approximately the same amount of time.arrow_forwardObservations show that stellar luminosity, L, and mass, M, are related by L x M3.5 for main sequence stars. Obtain an expression that relates the main sequence life time and the mass of a star. You should assume that the luminosity is constant throughout a star's main sequence life time, and that the amount of mass converted into energy by a star while it is on the main sequence is given by AM main sequence life time of a 20 Solar mass star given that the Sun is expected to spend 1010 years on the main sequence. Comment on the significance of your answer. fM, where f is a constant. Estimate thearrow_forward24 If the Temperature of the core of a supernova is 3200 x 1023 K, what should be the average translational kinetic energy of the particles moving inside this supernov (Boltzmann's constant = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K) Type your answer...arrow_forward
- Protostar A. among the most massive and brightest stars Main Sequence B. a star after it has used all of its nuclear fuel Giant C. a gravitational field so strong that not even light can escape upergiant D. star in the longest stage of life (90% of stars) Neutron Star E. a super bright explosion of a star Black Hole F. created when a star loses its outer layers of gases White Dwarf G. extremely dense remnants of a dead star Black Dwarf H. young star in the early stages of formation jupernova 1. star that no longer gives off heat or light Planetary Nebula J. star that is larger and brighter than a main sequence star : A : E : Farrow_forward= A star population is composed of stars with masses in the range between 1M and 150M. The initial mass function is = 0 (M/M)-2.3, where o (Mo). The luminosity of a star = (M/M) 3.3. Calculate the percentage of the total luminosity of the stars in the population which is produced by stars with mass between 120M and 150M. scales with its mass as L/Larrow_forwardWhich of the following binary star systems cannot exist? A. A 1 solar-mass main sequence star and a 4 solar mass red giant with a size 100 times smaller than the orbital distance. B. A 15 solar-mass main sequence star and a 10 solar mass red giant with a size 100 times smaller than the orbital distance. C. A 1 solar-mass main sequence star and a 4 solar-mass main sequence star. D. A 2 solar-mass main sequence star and a 1 solar mass red giant with a size a few times smaller than the orbital distance.arrow_forward
- Describe the entire life of a very large star.arrow_forwardfill in missing word a) One difference between a type I and type II supernova is the formation of the element _________ in the core that produces a type II supernova b) The Chandrasekhar limit of a star (1.4 solar masses) is the mass limit above which a star cannot remain stable as a ________ ________. c) The temperature of a red giant star is ____________ than it was when the star was a dwarf.arrow_forwardWhich type of fusion reaction supports stars for the longest time? Group of answer choices hydrogen to helium fusion. helium to carbon fusion. carbon to oxygen fusion. oxygen to silicon fusion.arrow_forward
- What is the free-fall time of a 10 MSun main-sequence star? O 100 hours O 10 hours O 1 hour O 0.1 hoursarrow_forwardQUESTION 16 Use the figure shown below to complete the following statement: A low-mass protostar (0.5 to 8M the mass compared to our sun) remains roughly constant in decreases in until it makes a turn towards the main sequence, as it follows its evolutionary track. Protostars of different masses follow diferent paths on their way to the main sequence. 107 Luminosity (L) 10 105 10 107 10² 101 1 10-1 10-2 10-3 Spectral type 0.01 R 0.001 Re 60 M MAIN SEQUENCE 40,000 30,000 20 Mau 10 Mgun 5 Mun 0.1 Run Ren radius; temperature luminosity; radius 3 Min. 05 BO temperature; luminosity Oluminosity: temperature radius: luminosity 1 M 10,000 6000 Surlace temperature (K) 1,000 Rs 2 M STAR L 0.8 M B5 AO FOGO КБ МБ -10 +10 3000 Absolute visual magnitude andarrow_forwardThe theory that the collapse of a massive star’s iron core produces neutrinos was supported by a. the size and structure of the Crab nebula. b. laboratory measurements of the mass of the neutrino. c. the brightening of supernovae a few days after they are first visible. d. underground counts from solar neutrinos. e. the detection of neutrinos from the supernova of 1987.arrow_forward
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