Understanding Our Universe
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614428
Author: PALEN, Stacy, Kay, Laura, Blumenthal, George (george Ray)
Publisher: W.w. Norton & Company,
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Chapter 12, Problem 16QAP
To determine
The essential requirement of a star to become nova or supernova.
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Using solar units, we find that a star has 4 times the luminosity of the Sun, a mass 1.25 times the mass of the Sun, and a surface temperature of 4090 K (take the Sun's surface temperature to be 5784 K for the sake of this problem). This means the star has a radius of.................... solar radii and is a .................... star (use the classification).
As a white dwarf cools, its radius will not change because
a.
pressure resulting from nuclear reactions in a shell just below the surface keeps it from collapsing.
b.
pressure does not depend on temperature for a white dwarf because the electrons are degenerate.
c.
pressure does not depend on temperature because the white dwarf is too hot.
d.
pressure does not depend on temperature because the star has exhausted all its nuclear fuels.
e.
material accreting onto it from a companion maintains a constant radius.
A protostar will continue to collapse due to gravity until it reaches the main
sequence, and then gravitational collapse will stop when a. the formation of star-globularsb. atoms degenerate at the core of the starc. the fusion of hydrogen
d. the fusion of heliume. the fission of hydrogen
Chapter 12 Solutions
Understanding Our Universe
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 12.1CYUCh. 12.2 - Prob. 12.2CYUCh. 12.3 - Prob. 12.3CYUCh. 12.4 - Prob. 12.4CYUCh. 12.5 - Prob. 12.5CYUCh. 12.6 - Prob. 12.6CYUCh. 12 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 3QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 4QAP
Ch. 12 - Prob. 5QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 7QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 8QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 10QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 11QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 12QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 13QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 14QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 17QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 18QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 19QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 20QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 22QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 25QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 26QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 27QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 29QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 32QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 33QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 34QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 35QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 36QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 37QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 40QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 42QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 43QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 44QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 45QAP
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- A star begins its life with a mass of 5 MSunbut ends its life as a white dwarf with a mass of 0.8 MSun. List the stages in the star’s life during which it most likely lost some of the mass it started with. How did mass loss occur in each stage?arrow_forwardProtostar A. among the most massive and brightest stars Main Sequence B. a star after it has used all of its nuclear fuel Giant C. a gravitational field so strong that not even light can escape upergiant D. star in the longest stage of life (90% of stars) Neutron Star E. a super bright explosion of a star Black Hole F. created when a star loses its outer layers of gases White Dwarf G. extremely dense remnants of a dead star Black Dwarf H. young star in the early stages of formation jupernova 1. star that no longer gives off heat or light Planetary Nebula J. star that is larger and brighter than a main sequence star : A : E : Farrow_forwardAn M dwarf star of mass 0.1 solar masses, a radius of 0.13 solar radii and a photospheric temperature of 2708 Kelvin. Assuming the dwarf contains the same mixture of elements as the Sun, and that the thermal pressure of the Sun's core is 1.3 x 10^14 N/m^2 estimate the ratio between the thermal pressure in the M dwarf's core versus that of the Sun. select unitsarrow_forward
- Objects in binary systems consist of a neutron star accumulating material from another star on its surface, where it ignites and produces periodic a. type II supernovae. b. X-ray bursters. c. novae. d. helium flashes.arrow_forwardAssume that when a certain main sequence star becomes a giant gas, its luminosity increases from L to 1000 L and its radius also increases from R to 1000 R. If the initial surface temperature is T, what approximately is the final surface temperature? A. 0.032 T B. 0.18 T C. 0.0010 T D. 0.010 Tarrow_forwardThe Hertzsprung-Russell diagram contains a region called the main sequence. Stars on this sequence have specific characteristics not found in other stars. What are these characteristics? a.Stars on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram main sequence have roughly the same age. b.Stars on the main sequence of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram are all roughly the same radius. c.Stars on the main sequence of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram have an orderly arrangement of stellar masses, decreasing in mass from lower right to upper left. d.Stars on the main sequence of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram do not produce heavy elements like iron. e.Stars on the main sequence of a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram all generate energy from nuclear fusion. f.None of the mentioned choices. Aristotle was a great Greek philosopher with many amazing ideas. Which of these statements about him is not true? a.Many of his claims about physics and astronomy were wrong. b.He was the first person to recognize…arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is wrong? A. A main-sequence star is cooler and brighter than it was as a protostar. B. Carbon fusion occurs in high-mass stars but not in low-mass stars because the cores of low-mass stars never contain significant amounts of carbon. C. when a main-sequence star exhausts its core hydrogen fuel supply, the core shrinks while the rest of the star expands. D. After a supernova explosion, the remains of the stellar core will be either a neutron star or a black hole.arrow_forwardBetelgeuse is a nearby supergiant that will eventually explode into a supernova. Let's see how awesome it would look. At peak brightness, the supernova will have a luminosity of about 10 billion times the Sun. It is 600 light-years away. All stellar brightnesses are compared with Vega, which has an intrinsic luminosity of about 60 times the Sun, a distance of 25 light-years, an absolute magnitude of 0.6 and an apparent magnitude of 0 (by definition). a) At peak brightness, how many times brighter will Betelgeuse be than Vega? b) Approximately what apparent magnitude does this correspond to? c) The Sun is about -26.5 apparent magnitude. What fraction of the Sun's brightness will Betelgeuse be?arrow_forwardYou discover a binary star system in which one member is a 15 solar-mass main-sequence star and the other star is a 10 solar-mass giant. Why should you be surprised, at least at first? A. It doesn't make sense to find a giant in a binary star system. B. The two stars in a binary system should both be at the same point in stellar evolution; that is, they should either both be main-sequence stars or both be giants. C. The two stars should be the same age, so the more massive one should have become a giant first. D. The odds of ever finding two such massive stars in the same binary system are so small as to make it inconceivable that such a system could be discovered. E. A star with a mass of 15 solar-mass is too big to be a main-sequence star.arrow_forward
- When a mass is transferred through the inner Lagrangian point in a binary system toward a white dwarf, the material forms a rapidly growing whirlpool of material known as a(n) a. accretion disk. b. Lagrangian point. c. Algol paradox. d. planetary nebula. e. supernova remnant.arrow_forwardThe total mass of a binary system can be calculated from a. the ratio of the angular separation from the center of mass of each of the stars. b. the distance to the binary and its radial velocity. c. the semi major axis and period of the orbit. d. the radial velocities of the two stars. e. the time required for the small star to eclipse the larger star.arrow_forwardThe chemical abundance of population I stars a. indicates that they were formed before the population II stars. b. indicates that the material they formed from had been enriched with material from supernovae. c. indicates that they contain very few heavy metals compared to halo stars. d. depends on the temperature of the star. e. depends on the mass of the star.arrow_forward
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