Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 12, Problem 4Q
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The cross-over between chromosomes containing genes DDbb and ddBB during meiosis and representation of chromatids and chromosomes before, during, and after crossing over, with the help of a diagram.
Introduction:
A crossing over occurs between chromosomes during meiosis. The meiosis the part of cell-cycle, during, which the genetic material from both the parents gets exchanged. A synapse is formed at the prophase 1 of the meiosis, which is followed by the cross-over between two chromosomes. During a cross-over a new type of
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Draw and label a 2n=4 cell going through anaphase I of meiosis.
A diploid (2n) trihybrid individual with the genotype EeFfGg can make eight genetically different gametes.
Loci E/e and F/f are on chromosome 1 and locus G/g is on chromosome 2. Explain how a gamete containing the alleles e, f and g may be produced by meiosis. Refer specifically to meiotic events occurring during Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I and Anaphase II. (NB: remember to refer to the organism above).
An individual is heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation, with the following chromosomes:
A • B C D E F
A • B C V W X
R ST • U D E F
R ST • U V W X
Q. Draw a picture of these chromosomes pairing in prophase I of meiosis.
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Life: The Science of Biology
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- Assume that a meiotic-nondisjunction event causes trisomy 8 in a newborn. If two of the three copies of chromosome 8 are absolutely identical, at what point during meiosis did the nondisjunction event take place?arrow_forwardFigure 13.6 Which of the following statements about nondisjunction is true? Nondisjunction only results in gametes with n+1 or n-1 chromosomes. Nondisjunction occurring during meiosis II results in 50 percent normal gametes. Nondisjunction during meiosis I results in 50 percent normal gametes. Nondisjunction always results in four different kinds of gametes.arrow_forwardAn individual heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation possesses the following chromosomes: A B • C D E F G A B • C D V W X R S • T U E F G R S • T U V W X Q. Draw the pairing arrangement of these chromosomes in prophase I of meiosis.arrow_forward
- Suppose that meiosis occurs in the transient diploid stageof the cycle of a haploid organism of chromosome number n. What is the probability that an individual haploidcell resulting from the meiotic division will have a complete parental set of centromeres (that is, a set all fromone parent or all from the other parent)?arrow_forwardA chromosome that was involved in a reciprocal translocation alsohas an inversion. In addition, the cell contains two normalchromosomes.Make a drawing that shows how these chromosomes will pair duringmetaphase of meiosis I.arrow_forwardSomatic cells in organisms of a particular diploidplant species normally have 14 chromosomes. Thechromosomes in the gametes are numbered from 1through 7. Rarely, zygotes are formed that containmore or fewer than 14 chromosomes. For each of thezygotes below, (i) state whether the chromosomecomplement is euploid or aneuploid; (ii) provideterms that describe the individual’s genetic makeupas accurately as possible; and (iii) state whether ornot the individual will likely develop through theembryonic stages to make an adult plant, and if so,whether or not this plant will be fertile.a. 11 22 33 44 5 66 77b. 111 22 33 44 555 66 77c. 111 222 333 444 555 666 777d. 1111 2222 3333 4444 5555 6666 7777arrow_forward
- In humans, the diploid chromosome number is 46 (2N = 46). For each of the meiotic stages listedbelow, supply the correct number of chromosomes. -Meiotic Stage Chromatids at Prophase ICentromeres at Prophase IITetrads at Prophase I (pachytene)Chromatids at Telophase IlChromosomes at Metaphase IIDyads at Anaphase Iarrow_forwardFor an organism with 3 pairs of chromosomes (6 total chromosomes, 2n = 6), draw chromosome diagrams for the following phases of meiosis: prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II & telophase II. Be sure to draw the correct number of chromosomes and the correct number of chromatids per chromosome. Use a different color to represent each chromosome type (for example, use blue to indicate all copies of chromosome 1, red for all copies of chromosome 2, and green for all copies of chromosome 3).arrow_forwardin the experiment of following chromosomal dna mvement througgh meiosis, why. do you use non-sister chromatids to demobstrate crossing over? what combinatiobns of alleles could result from a crossover between BD and bd chromosomes? Identify two ways that meiosis contributes to genetic recombination. Why is it necessary to reduce the number of chromosomes in gametes, but not in other cell?arrow_forward
- An individual heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation possesses the following chromosomes: A B • C D E F G A B • C D V W X R S • T U E F G R S • T U V W X Q. Diagram the alternate, adjacent-1, and adjacent-2 segregation patterns in anaphase I of meiosis.arrow_forwardDraw and label the mitotic phases (prophase, metaphase, anaphase & telophase) and meiotic phases (prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, & telophase II) for 2N=6. Be sure to indicate the chromosomal complement at each stage and whether the chromosomes are duplicated (consisting of sister chromatids) or not. For the meiotic phases, please add the following labels to your diagrams: In prophase I: tetradIn metaphase I: nonsister chromatidsIn anaphase I: homologous chromosomes, kinetochore microtubule In telophase I: sister chromatidsIn prophase II: centriolesIn metaphase II: centromereIn anaphase II: nonkinetochore microtubule, astral raysIn telophase II: cleavage furrowarrow_forwardMeiotic nondisjunction is much more likely than mitotic nondisjunction.Based on this observation, would you conclude that meioticnondisjunction is usually due to nondisjunction during meiosisI or meiosis II? Explain your reasoning?arrow_forward
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