SMARTWORKS FOR CHEMISTRY: ATOMS FOCUSED
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393644777
Author: Gilbert
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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SMARTWORKS FOR CHEMISTRY: ATOMS FOCUSED
Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.1VPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.2VPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.3VPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.4VPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.5VPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.6VPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.7VPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.8VPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.9VPCh. 12 - Prob. 12.10VP
Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.11QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.12QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.13QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.14QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.15QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.16QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.17QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.18QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.19QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.20QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.21QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.22QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.23QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.24QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.25QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.26QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.27QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.28QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.29QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.30QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.31QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.32QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.33QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.34QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.35QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.36QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.37QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.38QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.39QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.40QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.41QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.42QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.43QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.44QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.45QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.46QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.47QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.48QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.49QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.50QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.51QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.52QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.53QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.54QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.55QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.56QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.57QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.58QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.59QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.60QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.61QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.62QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.63QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.64QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.65QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.66QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.67QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.68QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.69QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.70QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.71QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.72QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.73QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.74QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.75QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.76QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.77QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.78QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.79QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.80QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.81QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.82QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.83QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.84QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.85QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.86QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.87QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.88QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.89QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.90QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.91QACh. 12 - Prob. 12.92QA
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- A reaction has H298=100 kj/mol and S298=250 J/mol K. Is the reaction spontaneous at room temperature? If not, under what temperature conditions will it become spontaneous?arrow_forwardWhat is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the synthesis of ammonia? 3H2(g) + N2(g) 2NH3(g)arrow_forwardWhat is the second law of thermodynamics? For any process, there are four possible sign combinations for Ssys and Ssurr. Which sign combination(s) always give a spontaneous process? Which sign combination(s) always give a non-spontaneous process? Which sign combination(s) may or may not give a spontaneous process?arrow_forward
- What is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the explosive decomposition of TNT? Use your knowledge of TNT and the chemical equation, particularly the phases, to answer this question. (Thermodynamic data for TNT are not in Appendix G.) 2C7H5N3O6(s) 3N2(g) + 5H2O() + 7C(s) + 7CO(g)arrow_forwardThe synthesis of glucose directly from CO2 and H2O and the synthesis of proteins directly from amino acids are both non-spontaneous processes under standard conditions. Yet it is necessary for these to occur for life to exist. In light of the second law of thermodynamics, how can life exist?arrow_forwardIndicate whether the following processes are spontaneous or nonspontaneous. (a) Liquid water freezing at a temperature below its freezing point (b) Liquid water freezing at a temperature above its freezing point (c) The combustion of gasoline (d) A ball thrown into the air (e) A raindrop falling to the ground (f) Iron rusting in a moist atmospherearrow_forward
- Solid NH4NO3 is placed in a beaker containing water at 25 C. When the solid has completely dissolved, the temperature of the solution is 23.5 C. (a) Was the process exothermic or endothermic? (b) Was the process spontaneous? (c) Did the entropy of the system increase? (d) Did the entropy of the universe increase?arrow_forwardA key component in many chemical engineering designs is the separation of mixtures of chemicals. (a) What happens to the entropy of the system when a chemical mixture is separated? (b) Are designs for chemical separation more likely to rely on spontaneous or nonspontaneous processes?arrow_forwardHow does the second law of thermodynamics explain a spontaneous change in a system that becomes more ordered when that process is exothermic?arrow_forward
- Define the following: a. spontaneous process b. entropy c. positional probability d. system e. surroundings f. universearrow_forwardLimestone is predominantly CaCO3, which can undergo the reaction CaCO3(s)CaO(s)+CO2(g). We know from experience that this reaction is not spontaneous, yet S for the reaction is positive. How can the second law of thermodynamics explain that this reaction is not spontaneous?arrow_forwardOne of the important reactions in the biochemical pathway glycolysis is the reaction of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to form fructose-6-phosphate (F6P): G6PF6PG298=1.7kJ (a) Is the reaction spontaneous or nonspontaneous under standard thermodynamic conditions?. (b) Standard thermodynamic conditions imply the concentrations of G6P and F6P to be 1 M, however, in a typical cell, they are not even Close to these values. Calculate G when the concentrations of G6P and F6P are 120 M and 28 M respectively, and discuss the spontaneity of the forward reaction under these conditions. Assume the temperature is 37 C.arrow_forward
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