CHEMISTRY THE CENTRAL SCIENCE 14TH EDI
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780134863016
Author: Brown
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 124IE
The karat scale used to describe gold alloys is based on mass percentages.
a. If an alloy is formed that is 50 mol% silver and 50 mol% gold, what is the karat number of the alloy? Use Figure 12.18 to estimate the color of this alloy. Use Figure 12.18 to estimate the color of this alloy.
b. If an alloy is formed that is 50 mol% copper and 50 mol% gold, what is the karat number of the alloy? What is the color of this alloy?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
7. It is not possible to pack spheres together without leaving some void spaces between the spheres. Packing efficiency
is the fraction of space in a crystal that is actually occupied by atoms. Determine the packing efficiency of a face-
centered cubic metal as shown in a figure below.
4r-
- 45°
8. What determines which species in a solid solution is the solute and which is the solvent? Explain the 24-karat Gold
preparation.
Au
Ag
Substitutional alloy
14karat geld
Interstitial alloy
Sael
9. The unit cell of a binary compound of copper and oxygen is shown here. Given this image and the ionic radii (a)
determine the empirical formula of this compound, Cu* = 0.74 Å and ro = 1.26 A (b) determine the coordination
numbers of copper and oxygen, (c) estimate the length of the edge of the cubic unit cell, and (d) estimate the density of
the compound.
4) in metallic crystals
a. How many types of close packing are known? Explain all types in detail.
b. How many types of holes are found in the close packing? Compare with cach
other the number and size of that holes.
c. Define the crystal packing of group 1A and group 2A metals. Which metals are
close packed and which metals are non-close packed in those two groups?
Başlık ekle...
> Cadı
40. The elements Si and P are added to steel to improve its
properties in electric motors, and some N is often found as a
detrimental impurity. Which of these elements fills
interstitial holes in the Fe lattice, and which substitutes for
the Fe in the lattice?
Chapter 12 Solutions
CHEMISTRY THE CENTRAL SCIENCE 14TH EDI
Ch. 12.3 - Consider the two-dimensional square lattice of...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.1.2PECh. 12.5 - Given the ionic radii and molar masses of Sc3+...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 12.2.2PECh. 12.7 - Prob. 12.3.1PECh. 12.7 - Prob. 12.3.2PECh. 12.7 - Prob. 12.4.1PECh. 12.7 - Prob. 12.4.2PECh. 12 - Prob. 1DECh. 12 - Prob. 1E
Ch. 12 - Prob. 2ECh. 12 - Prob. 3ECh. 12 - Prob. 4ECh. 12 - Prob. 5ECh. 12 - Prob. 6ECh. 12 - Prob. 7ECh. 12 - Prob. 8ECh. 12 - Prob. 9ECh. 12 - Prob. 10ECh. 12 - 12.11 Covalent bonding occurs in both molecular...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12ECh. 12 - 12.13 What kinds of attractive forces exist...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14ECh. 12 - Prob. 15ECh. 12 - Prob. 16ECh. 12 - Prob. 17ECh. 12 - Prob. 18ECh. 12 - Prob. 19ECh. 12 - Amorphous silica, SiO2, has a density of about...Ch. 12 - Two patterns of packing for two different circles...Ch. 12 - Prob. 22ECh. 12 - Prob. 23ECh. 12 - Prob. 24ECh. 12 - Which of the three-dimensional primitive lattices...Ch. 12 - Prob. 26ECh. 12 - 12.27 What is the minimum number of atoms that...Ch. 12 - 12.28 What is the minimum number of atoms that...Ch. 12 - Prob. 29ECh. 12 - Prob. 30ECh. 12 - Prob. 31ECh. 12 - Prob. 32ECh. 12 - Prob. 33ECh. 12 - Prob. 34ECh. 12 - Prob. 35ECh. 12 - Prob. 36ECh. 12 - Prob. 37ECh. 12 - Prob. 38ECh. 12 - Prob. 39ECh. 12 - Prob. 40ECh. 12 - Prob. 41ECh. 12 - Prob. 42ECh. 12 - Prob. 43ECh. 12 - Prob. 44ECh. 12 - Prob. 45ECh. 12 - Prob. 46ECh. 12 - Prob. 47ECh. 12 - Prob. 48ECh. 12 - Prob. 49ECh. 12 - Prob. 50ECh. 12 - Prob. 51ECh. 12 - Prob. 52ECh. 12 - 12.53 Which would you expect to be the more...Ch. 12 - 12.54 Which of the following statements does not...Ch. 12 - Prob. 55ECh. 12 - Prob. 56ECh. 12 - Prob. 57ECh. 12 - Prob. 58ECh. 12 - Prob. 59ECh. 12 - Prob. 60ECh. 12 - 12.61 A particular form of cinnabar (HgS) adopts...Ch. 12 - At room temperature and pressure RbI crystallizes...Ch. 12 - Prob. 63ECh. 12 - Prob. 64ECh. 12 - The coordination number for Mg2+ ion is usually...Ch. 12 - Prob. 66ECh. 12 - Prob. 67ECh. 12 - Prob. 68ECh. 12 - Prob. 69ECh. 12 - Prob. 70ECh. 12 - Prob. 71ECh. 12 - Prob. 72ECh. 12 - Prob. 73ECh. 12 - Prob. 74ECh. 12 - Prob. 75ECh. 12 - Prob. 76ECh. 12 - Prob. 77ECh. 12 - Prob. 78ECh. 12 - Prob. 79ECh. 12 - Prob. 80ECh. 12 - Prob. 81ECh. 12 - Prob. 82ECh. 12 - Prob. 83ECh. 12 - Prob. 84ECh. 12 - Prob. 85ECh. 12 - 12.86 Write a balanced chemical equation for the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 87ECh. 12 - Prob. 88ECh. 12 - Prob. 89ECh. 12 - Prob. 90ECh. 12 - Prob. 91ECh. 12 - Prob. 92ECh. 12 - Prob. 93ECh. 12 - Prob. 94ECh. 12 - Explain why “bands” may not be the most accurate...Ch. 12 - Prob. 96ECh. 12 - Prob. 97ECh. 12 - Prob. 98ECh. 12 - Prob. 99ECh. 12 - An ideal quantum dot for use in TVs does not...Ch. 12 - Prob. 101ECh. 12 - Prob. 102ECh. 12 - Prob. 103AECh. 12 - Prob. 104AECh. 12 - Prob. 105AECh. 12 - Pure iron crystallizes in a body-centered cubic...Ch. 12 - Prob. 107AECh. 12 - Prob. 108AECh. 12 - Prob. 109AECh. 12 - What type of latticeprimitive cubic, body-centered...Ch. 12 - Prob. 111AECh. 12 - Prob. 112AECh. 12 - Prob. 113AECh. 12 - Energy bands are considered continuous due to the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 115AECh. 12 - Prob. 116AECh. 12 - Prob. 117AECh. 12 - Prob. 118AECh. 12 - Prob. 119AECh. 12 - Prob. 120AECh. 12 - Prob. 121AECh. 12 - Prob. 122AECh. 12 - Prob. 123AECh. 12 - The karat scale used to describe gold alloys is...Ch. 12 - 12.125 Spinel is a mineral that contains 37.9% AI,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 126IECh. 12 - Prob. 127IECh. 12 - Prob. 128IECh. 12 - Prob. 129IECh. 12 - Silicon has the diamond structure with a unit cell...Ch. 12 - Prob. 131IECh. 12 - Prob. 132IE
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Are all alloys homogeneous solutions? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardPhase diagrams for materials that have allotropes can be more complicated than those shown in the chapter. Use the phase diagram for carbon given here to answer the following questions. (a) How many triple points are present and what phases are in equilibrium for each? (b) Is there a single point where all four phases are in equilibrium? (c) Which is more stable at high pressures, diamond or graphite? (d) Which is the stable phase of carbon at room temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure?arrow_forwardThe inorganic part of bone is made of CaF2, or fluorite. For CaF2, the unit cell is cubic, and the structure is shown. A. Calculate the percent ionic character of a Ca-F bond. B. Determine the coordination number for the fluorines. C. Determine the relationship between the lattice parameter, a, and the radii of the Ca and F atoms (or ions). You may want to start by determining whether there is one unit cell or four unit cells in the calcium fluoride structure. The bond radii for Ca is 1.05 Å and F is 1.33 Å. D.arrow_forward
- Transition metals in their ores are colored a. True b. False Which of the following substances is an example of covalent crystal? a. sugar b. diamond c. Ice d. saltarrow_forwardA hypothetical alloy has a face-centered cubic unit cell. Its density is 10,470 kg/m3 and its atomic weight is 106.8 g/mole.a. What is the atomic radius of the alloy in cm?b. What is the volume of the single atom of the alloy in cm3 ?arrow_forwardDetermine the empirical formula for the following compound. Use the notation W, Yy. Assume that W is a cation and Y is an anion. Determine the coordination number for the yellow spheres (i.e., how many white ions each yellow ion is adjacent to). Determine the coordination number for the white spheres (smaller spheres like those on the corners). Empirical Formula W6Y8 Coordination number for yellow spheres 6 Coordination number for white spheres 8arrow_forward
- List various types of alloys, materials that contain more than one element?arrow_forwardLike metallic crystals, ceramic crystals can have defects. We want to identify the type of defects and consider how they affect the overall crystal. Consider the schematic (on the right) of a NaCl crystal after the formation of an Na* vacancy to analyze for lonic type defects: CH Na CI What is the charge on the crystal before the vacancy is formed? What is the charge on the crystal after the vacancy is formed? Na CI Na Cr CI Na CI Na What should the charge on an ionic crystal be? Hint: what has the lowest energy; something that is positively charged, negatively charged or neutral?arrow_forwardTwo hypothetical elements A and B, adopt simple cubic and body-centered cubic cells, respectively. They have the same atomic radii of 120 pm and the atomic mass of A is 114 g/mol. They also have the same densities. The hypothetical atom C is inserted to the center of unit cell of A. In this new unit cell, the coordination numbers of A and C are 14 and 8, respectively. a. Calculate the APF. b. Calculate the atomic radius of C. c. Calculate the molecular formula.arrow_forward
- 4. Metallurgy in the Auto Industry The following illustration appeared in a newspaper article (New York Times: Science Times September 15, 2009) about innovation in the American steel industry. The article outlined efforts to make strong, lightweight steel for cars. heat, C cool ferrite austenite martensite iron carbon carbon Note the cool names for the two alloys, named after a famous British sports car maker. a) What is the packing system for the iron atoms in ferrite? b) Heating the ferrite in the presence of carbon leads to formation of austenite. What is the packing system for the iron atoms in austenite? c) What sort of coordination environment does the carbon occupy in austenite? d) What fraction of these holes are occupied? e) Given this unit cell, what is the ratio of carbon to iron in austenite? f) Careful cooling of the austenite leads to formation of martensite. How would you describe the coordination environment of the carbon in martensite? Note: This is not one of the…arrow_forward13. Show that the maximum packing ratio in the diamond structure is n/3/16. [Hint: The structure may be viewed as two interpenetrating fcc lattices, arranged such that each atom is surrounded by four other atoms, forming a regular tetrahedron.] 14. A quantitative theory of bonding in ionic crystals was developed by Born and Meyer along the following lines: The total potential energy of the system is taken to be ae? E = N-arrow_forward26. Copper crystallizes in the face-centered cubic lattice. What is the coordination number for Cu?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Modern Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133949640
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Unit Cell Chemistry Simple Cubic, Body Centered Cubic, Face Centered Cubic Crystal Lattice Structu; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCWwRh5CXYU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY