To discuss:
The insertion of transposable elements within a gene can cause mutations. Transposable elements disrupt the continuity of the gene. However, introns also disrupt the continuity of the gene, but the gene can be functional. Why the gene inactivation is caused by only the presence of transposable elements but not introns.
Concept introduction:
Transposable elements are known as stretches of DNA molecules and they can move from one place to another place. Generally, transposable elements are inserted into the other DNA material, for examples, the chromosome, the plasmid, and the viral genome. Transposable elements usually do not contain the origin of replication, therefore, they replicate within the host DNA into which transposable elements are inserted. When the host
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
- Here is a eukaryotic gene. The numbers given are base pairs of exon and intron. How long in bases will the pre mRNA transcript be? Explain briefly. What is the maximum number of amino acids that could make up the protein product from the final mRNA? Explain briefly.arrow_forwardIn studying the mechanism of a particular enzyme, for which the cloned gene is available, you wish to change a putative active site histidine residue to a proline by site-directed mutagenesis. The His codon to be changed is 5′-CAC. You wish to change it to 5′-CCC, one of four Pro codons. The nucleotide sequence surrounding the His codon is 5′-CTGGAATCTCACTTTATCTGG-3′. Write the nucleotide sequence of an oligonucleotide (a 21-mer) that could force the conversion of the CAC codon to CCC in a site-directed mutagenesis operationarrow_forwardThe figure below shows the introns and exons found in gene X. The size of each exon and intron is shown as well. A study on this organism found that two mature mRNA molecules are produced for this gene. One is 457 nucleotides in length, and the other is 439 nucleotides in length. Name the process responsible for producing this variation. Also explain how these 457 and 439 nucleotide fragments were produced by referring to the information provided. Hint: This organism produces a poly-A tail of 120 nucleotides.arrow_forward
- The figure below shows the introns and exons found in gene X. The size of each exon and intron is shown as well. A study on this organism found that two mature mRNA molecules are produced for this gene. One is 457 nucleotides in length, and the other is 439 nucleotides in length. Name the process responsible for producing this variation. Also explain how these 457 and 439 nucleotide fragments were produced by referring to the information provided. Hint: This organism produces a poly-A tail of 120 nucleotides. 99 62 120 84 102 27 117 Gene X E1 11 E2 12 ЕЗ 13 E4 Exon (E) Intron (I)arrow_forward) A normal mRNA that reads 5'- UGCCAUGGUAAUAACACAUGAAGGCCUGAAC-3' was an insertion mutation that changes the sequence to 5'- UGCCAUGGUUAAUAACACAUGAGGCGUGAAC-3'. Translate the original mRNA and the mutated mRNA and explain how insertion mutations can have dramatic effects on proteins. ( Hint; Be sure to find the initiation site).arrow_forwardThe figure below shows the introns and exons found in gene X. The size of each exon and intron is shown as well. A study on this organism found that two mature MRNA molecules are produced for this gene. One is 457 nucleotides in length, and the other is 439 nucleotides in length. Name the process responsible for producing this variation. Also explain how these 457 and 439 nucleotide fragments were produced by referring to the information provided. Hint: This organism produces a poly-A tail of 120 nucleotides. 99 62 120 84 102 27 117 Gene X E1 в в 11 E2 12 E4 Exon (E) Intron (1)arrow_forward
- A molecular geneticist hopes to find a gene in human liver cells that codes for an important blood-clotting protein. He knows that the nucleotife sequence of a small part of the gene is GTGGACTGACA. Briefly explain how to obtain the desired gene.arrow_forwardOne procedure of obtaining cDNA from mRNA is by using oligo(dT) primers. What are oligo(dT)s? Why does using them make sense based on the processing (or modification) of precursor mRNA to get mature mRNA?arrow_forwardCould a single nucleotide deletion restore the function of a protein-coding gene interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence? Explain.arrow_forward
- Geneticists have found that when they cut out a eukaryotic gene from genomic DNA that they can hybridize one of the strands of that gene to the mRNA for that gene by allowing the strands to hydrogen bond. Why is it sometimes claimed that alternative splicing of exons from a single gene results in a set of proteins of related function?arrow_forwardThe Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase enzymes produced by Retrotransposons sometimes mistakenly act on cellular mRNAs and generate a DNA intermediate that becomes integrated into the genome (which can lead to formation of new pseudogenes). Would you predict that a newly transposed element produced from an mRNA will generally be transcribed after its integration? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardA molecular geneticist hopes to find a gene gene in human liver cells that codes for an important blood clotting protein. He knows that the nucleotides sequence of a small part of the gene is GTGGACTGACA. briefly explain how to obtain the desired genearrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning