Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134042435
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 3CR
Describe, in terms of the opening and closing of ion channels and the subsequent diffusion of ions, how the depolarization and repolarization phases of an action potential take place.
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Describe the events of an action potential in terms of ions and gates or channels beginning with the generation of a local potential through the re-establishment of resting membrane potential.
Describe the contribution of each of the following to the establishment and maintenance of membrane potential:
Part A
Na+K+ Pump
Passive movement of K+ across the membrane
Passive movement of Na+ across the membrane
Draw details of the repolarization phase of an action potential from the following descriptions of the sequences of AfterHyperPolarization (AHP) and AfterDePolarization (ADP) sequences. Make the distinct phases clear and noticeable (5 % each)
A complex AHP consisting of a first component AHP, an ADP, and a second component AHP before repolarization to resting membrane potential
a first fast AHP component, followed by a slower AHP, followed by a fast ADP, and a second late AHP component before repolarization to rest
Chapter 11 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 11 - Do you see any change in the popularity of high...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11 -
1. Distinguish between the central nervous system...Ch. 11 - Explain what is meant by summation of graded...Ch. 11 - Describe, in terms of the opening and closing of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4CRCh. 11 - Prob. 5CRCh. 11 -
6. List the three major divisions of the brain...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CRCh. 11 - Prob. 8CR
Ch. 11 - Prob. 9CRCh. 11 - Prob. 10CRCh. 11 -
1. Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2TYCh. 11 - Prob. 3TYCh. 11 - What do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic...Ch. 11 - All of the following are directly involved in...Ch. 11 - An__________ neurotransmitter causes________ of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7TYCh. 11 - Prob. 8TYCh. 11 - Prob. 9TYCh. 11 - Prob. 10TYCh. 11 - Prob. 11TYCh. 11 - Prob. 12TYCh. 11 - Prob. 13TYCh. 11 - Prob. 14TYCh. 11 - Prob. 15TYCh. 11 -
1. Explain in terms of brain anatomy and function...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 6AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 7AWKCh. 11 -
8. Certain bacteria, such as those that cause...
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)arrow_forwardDefine an action potential.arrow_forwardDraw and label an action potential, indicating the ion movements responsible for the rising phase and the falling phase.arrow_forward
- Assume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.arrow_forwardDescribe the contribution of each of the following to the establishment and maintenance of membrane potential: Part A Na+K+ Pump Passive movement of K+ across the membrane Passive movement of Na+ across the membrane Part B Resting membrane potential is approximately -70mV. Explain what resting membrane potential is and what -70mV refers to.arrow_forwardList three ways in which action potentials can be initiated in neurons?arrow_forward
- Describe in detail the three types of potentials seen in neurons and functions of three types of potentials.arrow_forwardName the three phases of an action potential. Describe for each the underlying molecular basis and the ion involved. Why is the term voltage-gated channel applied to Na+ channels involved in the generation of an action potential?arrow_forwardDescribe in detail the function for three type of potentials seen in neurons and describe in detail the three types of potentials seen in neurons?arrow_forward
- Draw a typical action potential (correctly label axis) and explain in words the roles of ion channels in generating the different phases of the action potential. (Extra credit: How would opening voltage gated calcium channels upon depolarization affect the shape of the action potential if they have a relatively slow inactivation rate?)arrow_forwardDescribe the “all-or-none” principle of action potentials. Does the restoration of a resting membrane potential depend on active or passive processes. Explain.arrow_forwardDescribe the changes that occur during the depolarizationand repolarization phases of an action potential.arrow_forward
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