Chapter 11, Problem 33GQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The approximate vapor pressure curve of ethanol at ${60}^{o}C$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction: Vapor pressure is nothing but the pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid or solid form.

When a liquid and vapor are in equilibrium the pressure exerted by the vapor is called the equilibrium vapor pressure.

If intermolecular force is small the vapor pressure of the substance is high and the boiling point will be low.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It has to be identified whether ${\text{CS}}_{\text{2}}$ or ${\text{C}}_2{\text{H}}_{5}OH$ has the stronger intermolecular forces in the liquid state.

Concept Introduction:

Intermolecular force: The attractive force that withholds two molecules is called as intermolecular force. The influence of intermolecular forces depends on molar mass and the functional group present in the molecule.

Dipole-Dipole Interactions: The attractive force that holds two polar molecules with help of dipole moment present in them is called as Dipole-Dipole Interactions.

The partial positive charge end of one molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge of a neighboring molecule.

Induced Dipole - Induced Dipole Forces: The attractive force that holds two nonpolar molecules with help of temporary dipole moment present in them is called as induced dipole-induced dipole forces.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The temperature at which heptane have a vapor pressure of $\text{500}\text{mm}\text{Hg}$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Boiling point: It is the temperature at which liquid converts to vapor. At boiling point the vapor pressure of liquid and the pressure of the surroundings are equal.

Boiling point: It is the temperature at which liquid converts to vapor. At boiling point the vapor pressure of liquid and the pressure of the surroundings are equal.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The approximate normal boiling points of each of the given substances have to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Boiling point: It is the temperature at which liquid converts to vapor. At boiling point the vapor pressure of liquid and the pressure of the surroundings are equal.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: It has to be identified whether the given substances are liquid, gas or a mixture of liquid and gas at a pressure of $\text{400}\text{mm}\text{Hg}$ and at a temperature of $\text{70°C}$

Concept Introduction:

Vapor pressure is nothing but the pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid or solid form.

When a liquid and vapor are in equilibrium the pressure exerted by the vapor is called the equilibrium vapor pressure.