Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134047799
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 1PDQ
HOW DO WE KNOW?
In this chapter, we focused on how DNA is organized at the chromosomal level. Along the way, we found many opportunities to consider the methods and reasoning by which much of this information was acquired. From the explanations given in the chapter, what answers would you propose to the following fundamental questions:
(a) How do we know that viral and bacterial chromosomes most often consist of circular DNA molecules devoid of protein?
(b) What is the experimental basis for concluding that puffs in polytene chromosomes and loops in lampbrush chromosomes are areas of intense transcription of RNA?
(c) How did we learn that eukaryotic chromatin exists in the form of repeating nucleosomes, each consisting of about 200 base pairs and an octamer of histones?
(d) How do we know that satellite DNA consists of repetitive sequences and has been derived from regions of the centromere?
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we have focused on DNA, the molecule that stores genetic information in all living things. In particular, we discussed its structure and delved into how weanalyze this molecule. Based on your knowledge of these topics,answer several fundamental questions:
Question: How were we able to determine that DNA, and not someother molecule, serves as the genetic material in bacteria,bacteriophages, and eukaryotes?
Suppose that E. coli synthesizes DNA at a rate of 100,000 nucleotides per minute and takes 40 minutes to replicate its chromosome. (a) How many base pairs are present in the entire E. coli chromosome? (b) What is the physical length of the chromosome in its helical configuration—that is, what is the circumference of the chromosome if it were opened into a circle?
Each of the following terms refers to the replication of chromosomes. Describe the role (relationship) of each in (to) chromosome replication.
(a) Okazaki fragment
(b) Lagging strand
(c) Bidirectional
Chapter 11 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
Ch. 11 - CASE STUDY | Art inspires learning A genetics...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2CSCh. 11 - Prob. 3CSCh. 11 -
HOW DO WE KNOW?
1. In this chapter, we focused on...Ch. 11 - Review the Chapter Concepts list on p. 199. These...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3PDQCh. 11 - Describe how giant polytene chromosomes are...Ch. 11 - What genetic process is occurring in a puff of a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 6PDQCh. 11 - Why might we predict that the organization of...
Ch. 11 -
8. Describe the sequence of research findings...Ch. 11 - Prob. 9PDQCh. 11 - Prob. 10PDQCh. 11 - Provide a comprehensive definition of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 11 - Define satellite DNA. Describe where it is found...Ch. 11 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 11 -
15. Mammals contain a diploid genome consisting...Ch. 11 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 11 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 11 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 11 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 11 - The human genome contains approximately 106 copies...Ch. 11 - Prob. 21PDQ
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the followings statements are true about DNA polymerase? 1.) It can only go in one direction, meaning the lagging strand can't be synthesized continuously. 2.) It cannot start a DNA strand from scratch, so another enzyme is needed to create "primers" as a starting point. 3.) It cannot copy epigenetic marks (such as methyl groups) on its own; these must be "copied" onto the daughter DNA strand by other enzymes after DNA replication. 4.) All of the abovearrow_forwardA major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the presence of a nucleus. What advantages and disadvantages may occur with having a cell’s genome packaged in a nucleus?arrow_forwardAn article entitled “Nucleosome Positioning at the Replication Fork” states: “both the ‘old’ randomly segregated nucleosomes as well as the ‘new’ assembled histone octamers rapidly position themselves (within seconds) on the newly replicated DNA strands” [Lucchini et al. (2002)]. Given this statement, how would one compare the distribution of nucleosomes and DNA in newly replicated chromatin? How could one experimentally test the distribution of nucleosomes on newly replicated chromosomes?arrow_forward
- Oxidative deamination of adenine produces hypoxanthine (the base of inosine), which can base pair with cytosine. (a) If no repair takes place, describe the makeup of the DNA in the two daughter cells following cell division. (b) Describe the makeup of the DNA in the four daughter cells following a second round of cell division.arrow_forwardA DNA sequence can be represented as a string of the letters ACTG (short for adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine). (a) How many DNA sequences are exactly 24 letters long? (b) Given a DNA sequence of length 24, how many single letter mutations are possible? (c) Given a DNA sequence of length 24, how many double letter mutations are possible?arrow_forwardMany of the gene products involved in DNA synthesis were initially defined by studying mutant E. coli strains that could not synthesize DNA. (a) The dnaE gene encodes the a subunit of DNA polymerase III. What effect is expected from a mutation in this gene? How could the mutant strain be maintained? (b) The dnaQ gene encodes the e subunit of DNA polymerase. What effect is expected from a mutation in this gene?arrow_forward
- The DNA chromosome in E. coli contains approximately 4 million base pairs. The average gene contains about 1500 base pairs. Use this information to calculate the following (show all work ): a) The length in meters of this chromosome. b) The approximate number of genes in the chromosome (assuming no wasted DNA).arrow_forward1) How many bases are found (on one of the strands) in a single twist of a DNA helix: a) 3.4 b) 10 d) 0.34 2)Which of the following is a correct representation of a segment of DNA: a) I b) I and III c) IV and V 3)Consider the following sequence: 5' - AUGGCUACAGAUAGCUGGGGCUGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA..3'Translated, the corresponding protein contains how many amino acids: a) 6 b) 7 c) 8arrow_forwarda) If you isolated DNA from the ear and the tail of the same mouse, would you expect the DNA, isolated form the two tissue types, to be the same? Why? (2) b) Provide one difference between DNA replication in eukaryotes and prokaryotes with regards to their origin(s) of replication. (1) For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). 14px E EY A Y BIVS Paragraph Arial ABC x² X2 ?次T Te 田田国王 用 图 +]arrow_forward
- TRUE OR FALSE a) The long solenoid structure of the chromatin material binds to a protein scaffold through the SARs or MARs in the DNA. b) There can be a quantitative determination of the degree of supercoiling in a DNA sample.arrow_forwardPeople who carry a theoretical genetic disorder (called B-disease) can be identified from a 2kb DNA sequence. People who carry this genetic disorder have a single nucleotide polymorphism that results in a change of GTATTC to GGATTC, a site that only occurs once at nucleotide number 750 in this DNA sequence. Answer the following questions based on the information provided. (a) How can you develop a simple molecular test to identify the genetic disorder? (b) If you have carried out the molecular test (based on the information above) on a 100 individuals and found that 24 were healthy (BB) and 26 were carriers (bb); 1) What is the ratio of heterozygous? 2) Show how can you identify the three types from the agarose gel.arrow_forwardPeople who carry a theoretical genetic disorder (called B-disease) can be identified from a 2kb DNA sequence.People who carry this genetic disorder have a single nucleotide polymorphism that results in a change of GTATTC to GGATTC, a site that only occurs once at nucleotide number 750 in this DNA sequence. Answer the following questions based on the information provided. (a) How can you develop a simple molecular test to identify the genetic disorder? (b) If you have carried out the molecular test (based on the information above) on a 100 individual and found that 24 were healthy (BB) and 26 were carriers (bb); 1) What is the ratio of heterozygous? 2) Show how can you identify the three types from the agarose gelarrow_forward
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