Chemistry for Engineering Students
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781285199023
Author: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 11.43PAE
As with any drug, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) must remain in the bloodstream long enough to be effective. Assume that the removal of aspirin from the bloodstream into the urine is a lirst-order reaction, with a half-life of about 3
hours. The instructions on an aspirin bottle say to take 1 or 2 tablets every 4 hours. If a person takes 2 aspirin tablets, how much aspirin remains in the bloodstream when it is time for the second dose? (A standard tablet contains 325 mg of aspirin.)
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 11 Solutions
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1COCh. 11 - . define the rate of a chemical reaction and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3COCh. 11 - Prob. 4COCh. 11 - . explain the difference between elementary...Ch. 11 - . find the rate law predicted for a particular...Ch. 11 - . use a molecular perspective to explain the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8COCh. 11 - . explain the role of a catalyst in the design of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.1PAE
Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.2PAECh. 11 - In what region of the atmosphere is ozone...Ch. 11 - What are the steps in the Chapman cycle? Explain...Ch. 11 - What is the net chemical reaction associated with...Ch. 11 - At what points in the Chapman cycle do...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.7PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.8PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.9PAECh. 11 - For each of the following, suggest appropriate...Ch. 11 - For each of the following, suggest an appropriate...Ch. 11 - Rank the following in order of increasing reaction...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.13PAECh. 11 - Candle wax is a mixture of hydrocarbons. In the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.15PAECh. 11 - The reaction for the Haber process, the industrial...Ch. 11 - 11.17 Ammonia can react with oxygen to produce...Ch. 11 - The following data were obtained in the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.19PAECh. 11 - Experimental data are listed here for the reaction...Ch. 11 - Azomethane, CH3NNCH3, is not a stable compound,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.22PAECh. 11 - A reaction has the experimental rate equation Rate...Ch. 11 - Second-order rate constants used in modeling...Ch. 11 - For each of the rate laws below, what is the order...Ch. 11 - 11.26 The reaction of C(Xg) with NO2(g) is second...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.27PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.28PAECh. 11 - The hypothetical reaction, A + B —*C, has the rate...Ch. 11 - The rate of the decomposition of hydrogen...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.31PAECh. 11 - 11.32 The following experimental data were...Ch. 11 - The following experimental data were obtained for...Ch. 11 - 11.34 Rate data were obtained at 25°C for the...Ch. 11 - 11.35 For the reaction 2 NO(g) + 2 H?(g) — N,(g) +...Ch. 11 - The reaction NO(g) + O,(g) — NO,(g) + 0(g) plays a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.37PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.38PAECh. 11 - The decomposition of N2O5 in solution in carbon...Ch. 11 - In Exercise 11.39, if the initial concentration of...Ch. 11 - 11.41 For a drug to be effective in treating an...Ch. 11 - Amoxicillin is an antibiotic packaged as a powder....Ch. 11 - As with any drug, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid)...Ch. 11 - 11.44 A possible reaction for the degradation of...Ch. 11 - The initial concentration of the reactant in a...Ch. 11 - A substance undergoes first-order decomposition....Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.47PAECh. 11 - 11.48 The following data were collected for the...Ch. 11 - The rate of photodecomposition of the herbicide...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.50PAECh. 11 - 11.51 Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) has the chemical...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.52PAECh. 11 - Hydrogen peroxide (H20i) decomposes into water and...Ch. 11 - use the kineticmolecular theory to explain why an...Ch. 11 - The activation energy for the reaction in which...Ch. 11 - The labels on most pharmaceuticals state that the...Ch. 11 - The following rate constants were obtained in an...Ch. 11 - The table below presents measured rate constants...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.59PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.60PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.61PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.62PAECh. 11 - Can a reaction mechanism ever be proven correct?...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.64PAECh. 11 - Describe how the Chapman cycle is a reaction...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.66PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.67PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.68PAECh. 11 - The following mechanism is proposed for a...Ch. 11 - 11.64 HBr is oxidized in the following reaction: 4...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.71PAECh. 11 - If a textbook defined a catalyst as "a substance...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.73PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.74PAECh. 11 - What distinguishes homogeneous and heterogeneous...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.76PAECh. 11 - Based on the kinetic theory of matter, what would...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.78PAECh. 11 - In Chapter 3, we discussed the conversion of...Ch. 11 - The label on a bottle of 3% (by volume) hydrogen...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.81PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.82PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.83PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.84PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.85PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.86PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.87PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.88PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.89PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.90PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.91PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.92PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.93PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.94PAECh. 11 - 11.93 On a particular day, the ozone level in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.96PAECh. 11 - The following is a thought experiment. Imagine...Ch. 11 - The following statements relate to the reaction...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.99PAECh. 11 - Experiments show that the reaction of nitrogen...Ch. 11 - Substances that poison a catalyst pose a major...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.102PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.103PAECh. 11 - 11.102 Suppose that you are studying a reaction...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.105PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.106PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.107PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.108PAECh. 11 - 11.1047 Fluorine often reacts explosively. What...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.110PAECh. 11 - Prob. 11.111PAECh. 11 - When formic acid is heated, it decomposes to...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- The decomposition of ozone is a second-order reaction with a rate constant of 30.6 atm1 s1 at 95 C. 2O3(g)3O2(g) If ozone is originally present at a partial pressure of 21 torr, calculate the length of time needed for the ozone pressure to decrease to 1.0 torr.arrow_forwardThe hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars glucose and fructose, C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6 follows a first-order rate equation for the disappearance of sucrose: Rate =k[C12H22O11] (The products of the reaction, glucose and fructose, have the same molecular formulas but differ in the arrangement of the atoms in their molecules.) (a) In neutral solution, k=2.11011s1 at 27 C and 8.51011s1 at 37 C. Determine the activation energy, the frequency factor, and the rate constant for this equation at 47 C (assuming the kinetics remain consistent with the Arrhenius equation at this temperature). (b) When a solution of sucrose with an initial concentration of 0.150 M reaches equilibrium, the concentration of sucrose is 1.65107M . How long will it take the solution to reach equilibrium at 27 C in the absence of a catalyst? Because the concentration of sucrose at equilibrium is so low, assume that the reaction is irreversible. (c) Why does assuming that the reaction is irreversible simplify the calculation in pan (b)?arrow_forwardThe hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars glucose and fructose follows a first-order rate equation for the disappearance of sucrose. C12H22O11(aq)+H2O(l)C6H12O6(aq)+C6H12O6(aq) Rate =k[C12H22O11] In neutral solution, k=2.11011 at 27 C. (As indicated by the rate constant, this is a very slow reaction. In the human body, the rate of this reaction is sped up by a type of catalyst called an enzyme.) (Note: That is not a mistake in the equation—the products of the reaction, glucose and fructose, have the same molecular formulas, C6H12O6, but differ in the arrangement of the atoms in their molecules). The equilibrium constant for the reaction is 1.36105 at 27 C. What are the concentrations of glucose, fructose, and sucrose after a 0.150 M aqueous solution of sucrose has reached equilibrium? Remember that the activity of a solvent (the effective concentration) is 1.arrow_forward
- Consider the hypothetical first-order reaction 2A(g)X(g)+12Y(g)At a certain temperature, the half-life of the reaction is 19.0 min. A 1.00-L flask contains A with a partial pressure of 622 mm Hg. If the temperature is kept constant, what are the partial pressures of A, X, and Y after 42 minutes?arrow_forwardGaseous azomethane (CH3N2CH3) decomposes to ethane and nitrogen when heated: CH3N2CH3(g) CH3CH3(g) + N2(g) The decomposition of azomethane is a first-order reaction with k = 3.6 104 s1 at 600 K. (a) A sample of gaseous CH3N2CH3 is placed in a flask and heated at 600 K for 150 seconds. What fraction of the initial sample remains after this time? (b) How long must a sample be heated so that 99% of the sample has decomposed?arrow_forwardDerive an expression for the half-life of a a third order reaction;b a reaction whose order is =1; c a reaction whose order is 12. In these last two cases, examples are rare but known.arrow_forward
- Candle wax is a mixture of hydrocarbons. In the reaction of oxygen with candle w ax in Figure 11.2, the rate of consumption of oxygen decreased with time after the flask was covered, and eventually' the flame went out. From the perspective of the kinetic-molecular theory, describe what is happening in the flask. FIGURE 11.2 When a candle burns in a closed container, the flame will diminish and eventually go out. As the amount of oxygen present decreases, the rate of combustion will also decrease. Eventually, the rate of combustion is no longer sufficient to sustain the flame even though there is still some oxygen present in the vessel.arrow_forwardThe decomposition of sulfuryl chlorideSO2Cl2fur dioxide and chlorine gases is a first-order reaction. It is found that at a certain temperature, it takes 1.43 hours to decompose 0.0714 M to 0.0681 M. (a) What is the rate constant for the decomposition? (b) What is the rate of decompostion [ SO2Cl2 ]=0.0462M? (c) How long will it take to decompose SO2Cl2 so that 45% remains?arrow_forward(Section 11-5) A rule of thumb is that for a typical reaction, if concentrations are unchanged, a 10-K rise in temperature increases the reaction rate by two to four times. Use an average increase of three times to answer the questions below. (a) What is the approximate activation energy of a typical chemical reaction at 298 K? (b) If a catalyst increases a chemical reactions rate by providing a mechanism that has a lower activation energy, then what change do you expect a 10-K increase in temperature to make in the rate of a reaction whose uncatalyzed activation energy of 75 kJ/mol has been lowered to one half this value (at 298 K) by addition of a catalyst?arrow_forward
- At 620. K butadiene dimerizes at a moderate rate. The following data were obtained in an experiment involving this reaction: t(s) [C4H6] (mol/L) 0 0.01000 1000.. 0.00629 2000. 0.00459 3000. 0.00361 a. Determine the order of the reaction in butadiene. b. In how many seconds is the dimerization 1.0% complete? c. In how many seconds is the dimerization 10.0% complete? d. What is the half-life for the reaction if the initial concentration of butadiene is 0.0200 M? e. Use the results from this problem and Exercise 45 to calculate the activation energy for the dimerization of butadiene.arrow_forwardExplain what is meant by the average rate of a reaction.arrow_forwardConsider the decomposition reaction 2X2Y+ZThe following graph shows the change in concentration with respect to time for the reaction. What does each of the curves labeled 1, 2, and 3 represent?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Engineering Students
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337398909
Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133949640
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Kinetics: Chemistry's Demolition Derby - Crash Course Chemistry #32; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7qOFtL3VEBc;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY