Chapter 11, Problem 11.1VP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given statements are to be authenticated.

Concept introduction: The liquid whose particles are present above the solution is known as the volatile liquid.

To determine: The authenticity of the given statement, “X is the solvent in the given solution”.

Answer to Problem 11.1VP

Solution

The given statement is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

Given

The blue balls in the given figure are present in large number and denote the particles of component X.

The red balls in the given figure are present in small quantity and denote the particles of component Y.

The solution is the term refers to the mixture of solute and solvent. The solute is the component of the solution which is present in less quantity in the solution. The small quantity of solution is dissolved in the solvent, which is present in the large quantity in the solution. This solute and solvent combine together and form a mixture called solution.

Since, the particles of component X are present in large quantity in the given solution. Therefore, X is the solvent in the given system.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The authenticity of the given statement, “Pure Y is a volatile liquid”.

Answer to Problem 11.1VP

Solution

The given statement is incorrect.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

Given

The particles of component X exists above the solution.

The particles of component Y exists in the solution.

The volatile liquid is the liquid whose particles exist above the solution. Since, the particles of component Y do not exist above the solution. Therefore, component Y is the non-volatile liquid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The authenticity of the given statement, “If Y were not present, there would be fewer X particles in the gas above the liquid solution”.

Answer to Problem 11.1VP

Solution

The given statement is incorrect.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

Given

The liquid Y is the non volatile solute.

The liquid X is the volatile solvent.

The addition of non volatile solute to the volatile solvent results in the elevation in the boiling point. Due to the increase in the boiling point the number of particles of solvent above the solution decreases. Therefore, the presence of solvent Y results in the lesser particles of X above the solution.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The authenticity of the given statement, “The presence of Y increases the vapor pressure of X”.

Answer to Problem 11.1VP

Solution

The given statement is incorrect.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The vapor pressure of solvent is the colligative property. It depends upon the mole fraction and the vapor pressure of pure solvent. The vapor pressure of the solvent is independent of the pressure of solute particles. Therefore, the given statement is incorrect.

Conclusion

1. a. The given statement is appropriate.
2. b. The given statement is inappropriate.
3. c. The given statement is inappropriate.
4. d. The given statement is inappropriate.