Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260211887
Author: WILLEY, Sandman, Wood
Publisher: McGraw Hill
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10.4, Problem 5CC
Name and briefly describe the major electron carriers found in cells. Why is NADH a good electron donor? Why is ferredoxin an even better electron donor?
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DCCD (diocyclohexylcarbodiimide) inhibits oxidative phosphorylation when the substrate is mitochondrial NADH. DCCD is a drug that binds to ATP synthase and blocks proton transport through the ion channel.
a) Explain what the consequences of DCCD on cellular energy production are.
b) Suggest at least one other cellular effect of DCCD and explain this effect.
The following statements describe the path of electrons from NADH through the electron transport chain. Please arrange them in order:
Cytochrome c (Fe2+) carries electrons to Complex IV.
Cytochrome c (Fe3+) is reduced to cytochrome c (Fe2+)
QH2 carries electrons to Complex III
Oxygen is reduced to water
Ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) is reduced to ubiquinol (QH2)
Consider the function of the cofactor FAD. Which of the following makes it unique (different) from
NAD+? Select all that apply.
Operates as part of an enzyme and is not a mobile electron carrier
In its fully reduced state, carries 2 electrons
Involved in electron transfers as part of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity
O Facilitates single electron transfers
Chapter 10 Solutions
Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 10.1 - Figure 10.2 The Relationship of G to the...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 10.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 10.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 10.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 10.2 - Why is ATP called a high-energy molecule? How is...Ch. 10.2 - Describe the energy cycle and ATPs role in it....Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 1MICh. 10.3 - Prob. 2MICh. 10.4 - Figure 10.6 Electron Movement and Reduction...
Ch. 10.4 - How is the direction of electron flow between...Ch. 10.4 - When electrons flow from the NAD+/NADH conjugate...Ch. 10.4 - Which among the following would be the best...Ch. 10.4 - In general terms, how is G related to E0? What is...Ch. 10.4 - Name and briefly describe the major electron...Ch. 10.6 - Will an enzyme with a relatively high Km have a...Ch. 10.6 - Prob. 2MICh. 10.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 10.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 10.6 - How does enzyme activity change with substrate...Ch. 10.6 - What special properties might an enzyme isolated...Ch. 10.6 - What are competitive and noncompetitive...Ch. 10.6 - How are enzymes and ribozymes similar? How do they...Ch. 10.7 - Figure 10.19 Allosteric Regulation. The structure...Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 2MICh. 10.7 - Define the terms metabolic channeling and...Ch. 10.7 - Define allosteric enzyme and allosteric effector.Ch. 10.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 10.7 - Prob. 4CCCh. 10.7 - Prob. 5CCCh. 10 - Prob. 1RCCh. 10 - Prob. 2RCCh. 10 - Prob. 3RCCh. 10 - Examine the structures of macromolecules in...Ch. 10 - Examine the branched pathway shown here for the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3AL
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- Under standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change equal to –220 kJ/mol. With 100% efficiency, how many ATP could be synthesized under standard conditions? What is the "actual" efficiency given these numbers?arrow_forwardCalculate the amount of energy a cell could get from methanogenesis (using H2 as an electron donor and CO2 as an acceptor to make CH4) compared to NADH oxidation using oxygen as an electron acceptor. (Remember, the energy values shown in the table will have the opposite +/- sign for the reverse reaction) a) Which one gives more energy? b) How much more?arrow_forwardConsider the function of the cofactor FAD. Which of the following makes it unique (different) from NAD+? Select all that apply. O Operates as part of an enzyme and is not a mobile electron carrier O In its fully reduced state, carries 2 electrons OInvolved in electron transfers as part of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity O Facilitates single electron transfersarrow_forward
- It is estimated that each electron pair donated by NADH leads to the synthesis of approximately three ATP molecules, whereas each electron pair donated by FADH2 leads to the synthesis of approximately two ATP molecules. What is the underlying reason for the difference in yield for electrons donated by FADH2 versus NADH?arrow_forwardDiscuss the composition of the transition state for the formation of ATP by ATP Synthase. a) Where is the active site for this enzyme located? b) How are the amino acid side chains from the α and β subunits of ATP Synthase involved? c) Discuss the importance of Mg+2 in the mechanism of this enzyme.arrow_forwardThe reaction pictured is an oxidation-reduction reaction in the citric acid cycle in which the energy-carrier molecule NADH is generated. Identify which molecule in the reaction will be oxidized and which molecule will be reduced. Place a single answer choice in each box. COO- HO-C-H H-C-H COO- Malate NAD+ NADH + H+ Oxidized malate oxaloacetate COO- H-C-H ī COO- Oxaloacetate Reduced NADH NAD+arrow_forward
- 1 a) What is meant by the ATP currency exchange ratio? Why does the oxidation of mitochondrial FADH2 generate one less ATP than oxidation of mitochondrial NADH? b) If 12 H+ are moved across the inner mitochondrial membrane by NADH oxidation, and each ATP synthesized requires 3 H+ to move through ATP synthase, why are only 3 ATP molecules produced by oxidation of each NADH?arrow_forwardGive an example of a final electron acceptor found in aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Why is aerobic metabolism more efficient than anaerobic metabolism?arrow_forwardWhich of these molecules associated with electron transport is in the reduced state? Choose from the following: (A) cytochrome a3+++ (b) cytochrome a3++arrow_forward
- Indicate whether each of the following changes represents oxidation or reduction. Write: O = for oxidation ; R= for reduction Example: cyt ci (Fet) → cyt c1 (Fe2+) Answer: R Blank #1: COQH2 → CoQ Blank #2: NAD+ - NADH Blank #3: FMN → FMNH2 Blank # 4: FADH2 FAD Blank #5: Fe(III) SP → Fe(II) SP Blank # 1 Blank # 2arrow_forwardCompound X is an inhibitor in respiratory electron transfer. It binds to the Fe3+ of Complex IV preventing oxygen binding. (a) Suggest an example of compound X. (b) How would compound X affect the NADH / NAD+ ratio? Explain briefly. (d) Given: Complexes II, III and IV, cytochrome c, Q, succinate and compound X Draft the ELECTRON FLOW and determine the FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR with explanation under AEROBIC condition.arrow_forwardOxygen is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. However, in the absence of oxygen the Kreb's cycle does not work either. Why does the Kreb cycle not proceed without oxygen when oxygen plays no direct part in its sequence of biochemical reactions? Hint: think of oxidation and reduction of electron carriers.arrow_forward
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