HUMAN ANATOMY
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260210262
Author: SALADIN
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 10.3, Problem 13BYGO
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The organelle which is less developed in cardiac muscle than in skeletal muscle and its effect on the activation of muscle contraction in the heart.
Introduction:
Cardiac muscle is a striated muscle and it has many structural and physiological specifications. All the three types of muscle tissue, contraction occurs through a phenomenon known as Excitation Contraction coupling (EC coupling). EC coupling describes the method of changing associate electrical stimulus from the neurons into a mechanical response that facilitates muscle movement.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
HUMAN ANATOMY
Ch. 10.1 - What general function of muscular tissue...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 10.1 - State five special properties of muscular tissue...Ch. 10.1 - What are the basic structural differences between...Ch. 10.2 - During muscle contraction, which band(s) of the...Ch. 10.2 - What role does the sarcoplasmic reticulum play in...Ch. 10.2 - What proteins compose the thick and thin...Ch. 10.2 - Why does skeletal muscle have a banded (striated)...Ch. 10.2 - Where does acetylcholine come from and what does...Ch. 10.2 - How do myosin and actin work together to make a...
Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 10BYGOCh. 10.2 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 10.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 10.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 10.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 10.3 - How are unitary and muliunit smooth muscle...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 10.4 - What is the principal difference between the way...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 10.4 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 10.4 - Prob. 20BYGOCh. 10 - The scope of myology and of the term muscular...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.1.2AYLOCh. 10 - Five physiological properties that muscle cells...Ch. 10 - Differences between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth...Ch. 10 - The internal ultrastructure of a skeletal muscle...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.2.2AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2.3AYLOCh. 10 - The relationship between myofilaments, myofibrils,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.2.5AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2.6AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2.7AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2.8AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2.9AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2.10AYLOCh. 10 - The structure of a neuromuscular junction and the...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.2.12AYLOCh. 10 - The components of a motor unit; what is meant by...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.2.14AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2.15AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2.16AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2.17AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2.18AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2.19AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2.20AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.2.21AYLOCh. 10 - The term for cardiac muscle cells, their...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.3.2AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.3.3AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.3.4AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.3.5AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.3.6AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.4.1AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.4.2AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.4.3AYLOCh. 10 - The mode of inheritance and pathology of muscular...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10.4.5AYLOCh. 10 - Prob. 10.4.6AYLOCh. 10 - A bundle of action and myosin myofilaments within...Ch. 10 - Muscle cells must have all of the following...Ch. 10 - A feature found in skeletal and cardiac muscle but...Ch. 10 - A feature found in smooth muscle but lacking from...Ch. 10 - Which of the following muscle proteins is not...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 10 - Prob. 7TYRCh. 10 - Unitary smooth muscle cells can stimulate each...Ch. 10 - The calcium needed for skeletal muscle contraction...Ch. 10 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 10 - Prob. 11TYRCh. 10 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 10 - Prob. 13TYRCh. 10 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 10 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 10 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 10 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 10 - To activate the contraction of skeletal muscle,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 19TYRCh. 10 - A wave of contraction passing along the esophagus...Ch. 10 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 10 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 10 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 10 - State a meaning of each word element and give a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 10 - State a meaning of each word element and give a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 10 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 10 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 10 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 10 - Prob. 1WWWTSCh. 10 - Prob. 2WWWTSCh. 10 - Briefly explain why each of the following...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4WWWTSCh. 10 - Prob. 5WWWTSCh. 10 - Prob. 6WWWTSCh. 10 - Prob. 7WWWTSCh. 10 - Briefly explain why each of the following...Ch. 10 - Prob. 9WWWTSCh. 10 - Prob. 10WWWTSCh. 10 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 10 - Prob. 2TYCCh. 10 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 10 - Prob. 4TYCCh. 10 - Prob. 5TYC
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- Cardiac and skeletal muscle are both “striated” types of muscle and yet they have very distinct functional characteristics. a) Skeletal muscle functions as discrete motor units and the cardiac muscle works as a functional syncytium. Define the italicized terms in the previous sentence, explain their importance, and describe the cellular features that underlie these functional differences. b) Cardiac muscle exhibits automaticity, while excitation of skeletal muscle is neurogenic. Define the italicized terms and provide a brief explanation of mechanisms underlying each.arrow_forwardWhy does a muscle cell contain many mitochondria?arrow_forwardWhich region or organelle—cytosol, mitochondrion, or SR—contains the highest concentration of calcium ions in a resting muscle fiber? Which structure provides the ATP needed for muscle activity?arrow_forward
- Skeletal muscle cells cannot divide. How does skeletal muscle repair itself when injured?arrow_forwardWhat are the two major Contractile Proteins? Which of the proteins is "bound" and "anchored" to the cell membrane? The other protein essentially "floats" within the cytoplasm; which contractile protein "floats".arrow_forwardIf you were to watch muscle tissue contract: Under a light microscope, would you see the muscle fibers get narrower, or the striations get thinner? Explain. At the EM level, focusing on one sarcomere, you would be able to see a region of thick filaments overlapping two regions of thin filaments. Use the structure of the thick filaments to explain how ONE region of thick filaments is able to pull in microfilament in two opposite directions (both toward the center of the sarcomere).arrow_forward
- Several types of cells use the actin cytoskeleton to power their locomotion across surfaces. How are different assemblies of actin filaments involved in locomotion?arrow_forwardAs mentioned in class, one additional major use of ATP in skeletal muscle (besides powering the myosin heads) is the recycling of calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum after depolarization. The resting concentration of Ca++ in the muscle cell cytoplasm is about 50-100 nM, and the spike concentration after depolarization is about 10-20 μΜ. a) Consider a single sarcomere. What is the number of free calcium ions within the sarcomere at rest? What is the number of free calcium ions after depolarization? b) The major ion pump responsible for calcium ion recycling is SERCA (sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase). SERCA uses one molecule of ATP to pump two calcium ions, and the resting level can be restored in about 10-20 ms. How many molecules of ATP are used in a single sarcomere for pumping calcium in a single "twitch"? c) Assume that a single "twitch" is sufficient to drive one sarcomere from its fully extended length (about 2.5 µm) to its fully contracted length (about 1…arrow_forwardWhy is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) used for muscle contraction?arrow_forward
- You know from experience that skeletal muscle tires quite quickly, especially if there is not enough oxygen. Interestingly, shellfish such as clams can maintain a month-long contraction in the muscle that keeps the shell closed. No oxygen gets in this situation. These muscles have a different version of myosin called paramyosin. Knowing what you know about the cellular mechanism of muscle contraction, propose a hypothesis to explain how paramyosin might work.arrow_forwardWhy should mitochondria be larger and more abundant in cardiac muscle than in skeletal muscle?arrow_forwardIn cells, actin filaments form bundles or networks. How do cells form such structures, and what specifically determines whether actin filaments will form a bundle or a network?arrow_forward
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